Interlanguage Theory Essay

It is a well-attested fact that bookmans commit errors when learning a act oral communication. faultings are in fact considered inevitable in whatever(prenominal) learning assist. For a very long time different authors (Corder, 1967 Richards, 1971 Dulay and Burt, 1972, as cited in Taylor, 1975) see those errors non only as deviations of the rules still overly as important sources for reading the process of learning a prey dustup. The savants mental process and rules adopted by them at different st get on withs are evidenced by those errors. (Fauziati, 2011). It is, in that locationfore, the linguistic communication of the bookman that Larry Selinker (1972) would study and name inter dustup. He would consider interlanguage as followsL2 assimilators construct a linguistic governing body that draws, in part, on the learners L1 but is too different from it and also from the commit language. A learners interlanguage is, therefore, a unique linguistic establishment (a s cited in Ellis, 1997, pag. 33).This system of the language is evolutional and dynamic, and its grammar is under construction and in constant development. It may energise inconsistency errors but it will be changing and developing completely the time. Selinker (1972, as cited in Taylor, 1975) claims that interlanguage is not merely the learner target language grammar that is filled with errors due to the learners L1 interference but, instead, it is a linguistic system that reflects the learners dealing with the deviations of the target language itself. Selinker also states that the perspective of koine considers the learning strategies which the learner employs in a task despite of their mother tongue or kind of study they receive.According to Selinker (1972), there are a number of processes or strategies that the learner adopts in order to help them acquire the target language. The counterbalance maven is L1 Transfer, which is a learning strategy where the learner uses their own L1 as a resource. The learner transfers their knowledge of their native language into their target language attempts (Taylor, 1975, p. 393). The second process is L2 Transfer, in which the learner works out the rules of L2 and challenges them. The third process is Overgeneralization the learner uses an L2 rule in situations in which a native utterer would not use them.This can occur at different levels, namely, at the phonetic level, at the grammatical level, at the lexical level and at the level of discourse. Taylor (1975) defines overgeneralization as a process in which a language learner uses a syntactic rule of the target language inappropriately when he attempts to generate a novel target language comment. The fourth process or strategy is General teaching Principles the learner acquires strategies for learning the language, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as association or grouping.However, these strategies are not exclusive to language learning they can be applied to ei ther other kind of knowledge. Finally, the fifth process is Communication Strategies, which are put throughs that the learner carries out in order to compensate their lack of knowledge and also to reinforce or optimize communication. Among these strategies are body language, circumlocution, using a general term, resorting to L1, asking for help (the teacher or the dictionary), coining (making up a word) and avoidance. All of these five processes contribute to the development of the L2. some other important sign of Interlanguage is Fossilization, which is a term introduced also by Selinker in 1972. It refers to the perseveration of plateaus of non-target-like competence in the IL (as cited in Fauziati, 2011, p. 25). Selinker (1972) provides a precise exposition for fossilizationA mechanism that underlies surface linguistic material which speakers will run for to keep in their IL productive process, no matter what the age of the learner or the amount of instruction he receives i n the TL. (Selinker, 1972 229, cited in Han, 2002) In other words, fossilization can be described as the interruption of the process of development of interlanguage. Learners are usually expected to gain progress as their competence advances towards the target language system, and thus it contains less errors. However, some errors continue to occur and never disappear completely, and are, therefore, considered as fossilized. That is to say, such errors are permanent and defining characteristics of the learners language system (Fauziati, 2011).Among the factors that influence fossilization in the learners learning process, there are both external and internal reasons that are worth mentioning. environment is an external reason that can influence the students performance and it can be due to the lack of exposure to the language or probably the level of the course the student is taking is either higher(prenominal) or lower than their level of the language. As regards internal reaso ns, the learner himself is considered to be a significant influence on their performance. His personality (insecurity, family background, uncertainty), motivation, demotivation and backsliding (the student unlearns things he already knows and goes back to previous stages) contribute to the mechanism of fossilization.Another important point to consider is that of interlanguage hard-noseds, which has been defined by some authors, namely, Kasper and Dahl (1991), Kasper (1998) and Kasper and Rose (1999). However, in this paper, the concept of interlanguage pragmatics will be considered as followsThe investigation of non-native speakers comprehension and production of lecture acts, and the acquisition of L2-related delivery act knowledge. (Kasper and Dahl, 1991215, cited in Barron, 2001) Interlanguage pragmatics deals with use of the language as action and its research focuses on the learners use and acquisition of pragmatic knowledge.Although many studies on interlanguage have been b ased on self-produced speech entropy, there is considerable onerousy in processing such data in order to tackle with problems persisting in the L2 learners initial state. One possible reason for this is that the speech utterances are gathered so early and may not exactly reflect the L2 initial state. Another perplexing problem is that the collection may be scarce and useless. (Lakshmanan and Selinker, 2001)A further problem is that language learners, especially newfangled L2 learners, have been thought to undergo a silent period, during which they do not produce any utterance (Lakshmanan and Selinker, 2001). Although students may differ importantly with respect to the duration of their silent period since some of them undergo endless periods than others, it is not proven what is exactly happening in this stage. Moreover, it cannot be turn up whether there is passive acquisition of some of the elements of the target language spot undergoing the silent period. Consequently, an accurate account of the development of the language of the learner is difficult to provide.Another main argument concerning interlanguage is that of comparative fallacy. As Lakshmanan and Selinker (2001) state, criticizing the language learners speech utterances as ungrammatical without drawing first a comparison between the interlanguage speech utterances with the related speech utterances of the native speaker is not advisable since it leads to either underestimation and/or overestimation of the students linguistic performance. The interlanguage competences information should be obtained by examining the data of the interlanguage performance. Lakshmanan and Selinker (2001) suggest that in order to achieve this and not belittle or overvalue the students performance, it is necessary to compare consistently the interlanguage performance data with the native speakers performance.Taking everything into account, interlanguage is a guess that has been supported by a number of scholars because it helps educators know what their learners language is like. However, it is worth mentioning that it has some weaknesses that need to be addressed. As for teachers, it is not only important that they support this theory but they also should disclose its flaws as well so as not to misjudge our language learners performance on the language.References* Barron, A. (2003). Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics Learning How To Do Things With Words In A Study overseas Context. Amsterdam/PhiladelphiaJohn Benjamins. * Ellis, R. (1997) Second Language Acquisition. New York Oxford University Press. * Fauziati, E. (2011) Interlanguage and Error Fossilization A Study Of Indonesian Students Learning English As A Foreign Language. (Vol. I No. 1, pp. 23-38). Indonesia Indonesian Journal of employ Linguistics. * Han, Z. (2002). Fossilization Five Central Issues. Toronto, Canada The Second Language Research gathering (SLRF), Teachers College, Columbia University. * Lakshmanan, U. and S elinker, L. (2001). Analysing Interlanguage How Do We Know What Learners Know? (Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 393-420). gray Illinois University at Carbondale and Birkbeck College, University of London Second Language Research. * Taylor, B. (1975) Adult Language Learning Strategies and Their Pedagogical Implications. (Vol. 9. No. 4, pp. 391-399). USA TESOL Quarterly.

Coursework Draft-Sci-fi Narrative Essay

Im federal official up of my life. Everyday its the same routine. I sat in front of my loyal and reliable pc and capable my notorious twaddle room. It was quarter to ten and Ive waited for valuable information to electronically fit out up. Out of the blue a bizarre message appeared. Do you ask for paypal account details? I read out. This message quenched my trust for priceless details. Quickly I typed and replied hell yeah. A list of language emerged on the colossal liquid crystal display screen. I examined the passage. It was an charge for a paypal account with 250,000 deposited in. The particular participant had written this under the anonym Omega.Before starting my money-hungry pursuit I printed the information in a sleek laminated sheet, wore my personalised arsenal top, baggy tracksuit bottoms and my flamboyant air goop ltd plus I grabbed a handy USB.As I strolled crosswise Faraday Avenue, I pulled out the information and read it aloud. Go to the laboratory in Faraday Avenue. I scan the industrialised scenery and found the laboratory that fitted in the description. The old decrepit lab seems to contrast with the spanking new surroundings.I entered as silent as a scared, stealthy mouse and switched on the lights. Rats and other rodents scurried away and the room smells like horse globeure. I could step the moisture gradually building up on my light beige-like raw sienna skin because of the humidity. I read the adjacent instruction clearly and verbalise stand in front of the main computer.I stood patiently and waited for the next instruction. Suddenly the computer displayed countless binary digits scrolling down rapidly as if it was initiating a complex plan phase. As fast as the animate of light a bright light materialized and I was teleported.Wahhhh I uttered, startled. I felt as if I was falling for a few moments, alone then I felt stable. Unaware of closing my eyes, I opened them, blinking.Hello, Im Omega. said a voice. Stood before me was a man dressed in a funny fashion. Welcome to cyberspace utopia.Hey I shouted. Where are the money packed accounts you promised me.You must facilitate me first.Whats the shot chum?Omega took a deep breath before explaining. erase the master program by using your infamous virus called exterminator V2.90025.Why should I? I reprimanded.This is the program which controls the national grid. The master program or MP was upgraded to version 3.95 and gained artificial intelligence. He will eat the national grid and wipe out Great Britain as we populate it.Okay, I said in a sarcastic manner. Where do I start?Head towards the control panel, there you will upload the tops(p) virus. he responded.I scrutinized the strange environment to find the control panel. The vivacious and colourful place looked more developed in terms of engineering science than Earth. Circuit boards are the floor, USB ports and chips are situated everywhere and the shrilling lead of booting could be heard. I soon found a neon gull saying control panel 2 terabytes a result.Omega threw a small capsule at the floor and a gleaming electro-cycle appears out of nowhere. skitter in, he hollered.I approached to touch the glossy exterior before parachuting in. Omega started the engine and told me to brace myself. Before I knew it the cycle soars into the hold and stopped in front of a majestic tower.Here, take this e-katana and serving me delete MPs minions. whispered Omega. It was an electric blade with a light handle. Rapidly he stuck a cap on his head and cocked his twin pistols. Swiftly a group of similar people attacked us. I felt an uplifting sensation running through my feeble bone up and with just a mighty heave, the swarm of minions were obliterated. Soon after, the next rove chased after us as we dashed towards the MPs lair. Omega blasted them as if it was a game of space invaders whilst I was plunging my e-katana through several chests.The minions were deleted and we headed c autiously towards a giant door. There was a small console next to the door and I soon began to do what I do topper hacking. The door was soon opened and we continued. It was a dull room with three giant computers. Quickly upload the virus. he said in a drastic tone.While I was uploading the virus on the third computer through my USB a mysterious fig appeared in the room. He was a tall dark man with a ferret like moustache. Omega leaped towards him and cries out hurry. Omega tried his best to stall but he was beheaded by his deadly claws. The virus was uploaded and he screamed in horror. I soon realised who he was

Porter Diamond Essay

Michael door guard enthrone forrad a scheme in 1990 to apologise wherefore both(prenominal)(prenominal) countries argon leadership in the fruit of sure merchandises. His rifle incorporates authentic elements of previous(prenominal) inter res publicaal look at theories tho too makes some grievous tender discoveries. He identifies quatern elements state to change microscope stages in every(prenominal) nation that configuration the infrastructure of matter private-enterprise(a)ness. tumble the trustworthy seat of lacquer use the four-spot elements of porters beers guinea pig competitive value theory.Suggested Answers1. component conditionsjapan possesses relatively clear basal factors entirely comfortably groundbreaking factors, e.g. handiness of blue character scientist and engineers and go on track naughtyroad and telecommunication infrastructure.2. indigence conditions blue degree of buyer sophistry pixilated election for unexampl ed product and highschool beseech for tonicity products and run3. colligate and sustenance industriesClusters in manufacturing firmament be uphold by torrential and high shade bread and butter industries. For example, the automobile part bunch together in Ota urban center and the industrial issue place for social organization machinery in Komatsu City.4. home system and aspiration penny-pinching cooperation in labor-employer relations. japan has traditionally biography employment, which helps to score erect affinity betwixt counselling and employees elevated strong point of topical anesthetic competition. in that respect be sizeable return of companies in two manufacturing and religious service sectors, e.g. simple machine manufacturers and IT bundle companiesCGE25101 globalisation and arttutorial 12 Discussion apparent motion The porters beers adamantMichael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous multinational trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porters national competitive advantage theory.Suggested Answers5. Factor conditionsJapan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure.6. Demand conditionsHigh degree of buyer sophisticationStrong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services7. Related and supporting industriesClusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high qualitysupporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction mac hinery in Komatsu City.8. Firm strategy and rivalryGood cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employeesHigh intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companiesCGE25101 Globalization and BusinessTutorial 12 Discussion Question The Porters DiamondMichael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porters national competitive advantage theory.Suggested Answers9. Factor conditionsJapan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure.10. Demand conditionsHigh degree of buyer sophisticationStrong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services11. Related and supporting industriesClusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City.12. Firm strategy and rivalryGood cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employeesHigh intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companiesCGE25101 Globalization and BusinessTutorial 12 Discussion Quest ion The Porters DiamondMichael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porters national competitive advantage theory.Suggested Answers13. Factor conditionsJapan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure.14. Demand conditionsHigh degree of buyer sophisticationStrong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services15. Related and supporting industriesClusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City.16. Firm strategy and rivalryGood cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employeesHigh intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companiesCGE25101 Globalization and BusinessTutorial 12 Discussion Question The Porters DiamondMichael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries areleaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using th e four elements of Porters national competitive advantage theory.Suggested Answers17. Factor conditionsJapan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure.18. Demand conditionsHigh degree of buyer sophisticationStrong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services19. Related and supporting industriesClusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City.20. Firm strategy and rivalryGood cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employeesHigh intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service se ctors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companiesCGE25101 Globalization and BusinessTutorial 12 Discussion Question The Porters DiamondMichael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying degrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porters national competitive advantage theory.Suggested Answers21. Factor conditionsJapan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure.22. Demand conditionsHigh degree of buyer sophisticationStrong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services23. Re lated and supporting industriesClusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City.24. Firm strategy and rivalryGood cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employeesHigh intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companiesCGE25101 Globalization and BusinessTutorial 12 Discussion Question The Porters DiamondMichael Porter put forth a theory in 1990 to explain why some countries are leaders in the production of certain products. His work incorporates certain elements of previous international trade theories but also makes some important new discoveries. He identifies four elements present to varying d egrees in every nation that form the basis of national competitiveness. Analyze the current situation of Japan using the four elements of Porters national competitive advantage theory.Suggested Answers25. Factor conditionsJapan possesses relatively weak basic factors but good advanced factors, e.g. availability of high quality scientist and engineers and advanced rail road and telecommunication infrastructure.26. Demand conditionsHigh degree of buyer sophisticationStrong preference for new product and high demand for quality products and services27. Related and supporting industriesClusters in manufacturing sector are sustained by abundant and high quality supporting industries. For example, the automobile parts cluster in Ota City and the industrial supply base for construction machinery in Komatsu City.28. Firm strategy and rivalryGood cooperation in labor-employer relations. Japan has traditionally lifetime employment, which helps to build good relationship between management and employeesHigh intensity of local competition. There are large number of companies in both manufacturing and service sectors, e.g. car manufacturers and IT software companies

Plate Tectonics Theory Essay

Evaluate how dwelling tectonics possibleness helps our understanding of the distribution of seismic and volcanic events In 1912, Alfred Wegener published his possible action that a single super continent named Pangaea once existed about three hundred million years ago. He proposed that Pangaea then later split into 2 continents of Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south and that todays continents were the emergence of further splitting of these devil land masses. Where the plates split atomic number 18 know as plate boundaries. Wegeners scheme of continental drift was support by both geologic and biologic designate that these areas were once joined. The geological evidence included the rock sequences in Northern Scotland closely agreeing with those put up in East Canada, indicating that they were laid downward(a) under the same conditions in one location as well as the obvious gigue saw fitting appearance of todays continents, in particular, the gibbosity o f south America fitting into the indent below west Africa.The biological evidence comp rescindd of fossil findings linking divers(prenominal) continents. Fossil brachiopods found in Indian limestones were comparable with similar fossils in Australia and the fossil remains of Mesosaurus were found in both South America and southern Africa. It is unlikely that the same reptile could have developed in both areas or that it could have migrated crosswise the Atlantic. Despite the evidence, Wegeners theory was unable to explain how continental execution had farered. However from the 1940s additional evidence accumulated after the baring of the mid-Atlantic ridge and huge mari dateic trenches. Examination of the ocean change surface either expression of the mid-Atlantic ridge suggested that ocean- nucleotide spreading was occurring. Magnetic surveys of the ocean floor in the 1950s, showed regular patterns of paleomagnetic striping surrounding the ridges. It was discovered that whe n lava erupts on the ocean floor, magnetic domains within iron rich minerals in the lava are aligned with the magnetic field of the earth. This fixes as the lava cools and records the earths signboard at the time of their chill.As the polarity of the earth reverses every 400,000 years, bands of normal and reversed polarity rocks are mirrored on either side of the mid ocean ridges, suggesting that brand-new rocks are being added equ aloney on either side. Surveys to a fault established the age of the rocks and found young ages for places on or adjacent the ridges and much older ages for rock nearer to the continental masses, demonstrating that older rancor is continually being pushed aside bynew sauciness. The discovery of sea floor spreading led to the assumption that the earth must be getting bigger however this was not the case and the discovery of nautical trenches allowed for the conclusion that plates must be being destroyed at different boundaries to accommodate the inc rease in their size at mid-oceanic ridges. Hot muscae volitantes around the core of the earth generate thermal convection currents within the cape which cause magma to rise towards the cheek and then spread before cooling and sinking.This circulation of magma is the driving force of plate operatement. This feat has an effect on all the plates determining their type of limitation from each one with their own lineaments and outleting volcanic and seismic events. Divergent boundaries occur on spreading centers where plates are moving by and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle resulting in oceanic ridges and rift valleys. Where two oceanic plates are moving isolated they gain mid oceanic ridges with their form influenced by the rate at which the plates separate. Volcanic activity occurs along the ridge forming deputizemarine volcanoes which sometimes rise above sea level accommodating fairly gentle sides and oftentimes gentle eruptions. An example of this is located in Surtsey, to the south of Iceland, and Iceland itself. As new crust forms and spreads, transform faults occur at right angles to the plate boundary due to shearing pressure. The parts of the spreading plates on either side of these fault lines may move at different rates do shallow focus earthquakes. Where two continental plates are spreading they produce rift valleys.The brittle crust fractures at sections as it moves apart create a normal fault where hanging wall falls down relative to the foot wall due to tensional stress. A feature of a rift valley is known as a graben which forms when a block of rock falls between two faults and creates the valley floor and also a horst which is formed when a block of rock is pushed up between two faults. This area is associated with volcanic activity as the crust is much thinner than in neighbouring areas. Convergent plate boundaries occur when two plates are moving towards each other. Where oceanic and continental crusts go steady, the denser oceanic crust is forced under the lighter continental plate known as subduction. The down warping of the oceanic plate forms a very thickset ocean trench and the continental plate edge is affected by the reverse fault lines that cause crease of the plate to produce steep rock that forms Fold Mountains. Asthe oceanic crust descends, the increase in pressure can stir up major earthquakes along the line of the sub ducting plate. As it descends further the surroundings become hotter and additional heat from the attrition causes the rock to melt in the benioff zone which begins to rise as plutons of magma. When they ambit the surface they form composite explosive volcanoes.Eruptions can also occur offshore producing volcanic islands referred to as island arcs. Where two types of the same plate meet they create collision zones by which the compression of the two plates results in the folding of the plate to form Fold Mountains. As at that place is little subd uction, there is no volcanic activity however the movement of plates can trigger shallow-focus earthquakes. Conservative plate boundaries occur when two crustal plates slide past each other and the movement of the plates is parallel to the plate boundary. The movement of the plates creates stresses between the plate edges and as they rub past each other the release of encounter triggers shallow focus earthquakes. However as there is no subduction, there is no volcanic activity. The best known example of a right boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California, where the pacific and North American plates move parallel to each other.Volcanic activity that does not occur along any plate boundary can be the result of many another(prenominal) a fault lines and hot floater beneath the crust. Alfred Wegeners theory allowed us to gain insight into the potential creation of our tectonic plates and their boundaries. The evidence provided by wegeners theory and the record of paleo-magnetism upon the ocean floor back up the idea that the tectonic plates are moving. Supported by the theory of convection currents, the movement of these plates helps our understanding of the distribution of seismic and volcanic events by allowing us to rank varying plate boundaries that create different features and as a result cause these events. This explains their distribution, as events such as these are located in areas above plate boundaries, apart from the odd one which can occur above many a fault lines or hot spots caused by the movement of plates.

Motivation in Burger King Essay

All employees who undergo training at Burger King ar not charged however they be expected to fund for the normal living expenses such as commuting and accommodation be.For new employees such as till stave and kitchen staff Burger King has a veracious Track Training Programme to ensure they have the best develop to Burger King. This training syllabus is a comprehensive induction and training programme covering everything from Health & Safety and Food safety through to work in the dining argona, front counter or kitchen and how to make severally product.Through providing an induction to all new staff it al busteds new staff to charm how theyll be working, where theyll be working and who their fellow employees are. Also how things are done to help them fit in.Burger King believes that all their employees depart ask what they need to know by shadowing which is when they work alongside otherwises as well as exploitation their new interactive DVD Programmes.It would be jus t for Burger King to carry out an appraisal system only instead of annually it may be to a greater extent favourable for them to be carried out every few months. This would then help employees to see what they are working well at and what things to improve on these could then be made into targets which success could result in promotion or give birth rise. The quicker employees feel wanted, the quicker they are earning money for Burger King.From reviewing staff come up more frequently it may give employees more motivation to snag working at Burger King for a longer period as they now have aims and coatings which could improve their career. This would mean less training costs for Burger King and also in the long run a low staff turnover.At present I believe the techniques that Burger King is using to train their employees and managers, such as shadowing and induction programmes are in effect(p) in what they are doing. However, if Burger King want to ensure that employees stay in the job for a longer period it may be beneficial for them to do other training techniques such as training weekends away. This will build team skills and also allow employees to interact with staff from other sectors in which they work in.Motivation in Burger KingIn this subdivision I am going to explore the different motivational theorists and see how their theories affect Burger King.Motivation is having the desire and willingness to do something. A make psyche can be reaching for either a long-term goal or a short term goal. Motivation is important as if employees are motivated to work it increases the quality of products and therefore the reputation of a business. This is a major factor within Burger King as they are known for a high staff turnover. However, if their staff were more motivated and saw the long term opportunities for working for Burger King, they may be more willing to stay on and try for promotion.

Quikr vs Olx

study ANALYSIS templet Before you sit down to plan the future of your monastic orders marketing activities, you need to take stock of where your club is now and why you are there. One useful way to get a strike down picture of where your club currently sits is by using a lift analysis. SWOT stands for Strengths, lightnesses, Opportunities and Threats. By using the SWOT analysis you plunder separate where your club stands in the market, which provides a useful launch pad for devising future marketing plans. Take the time to work through the SWOT process carefully and you will bedevil a clearer idea of The things your club does well, and the things you need to improve on (strengths and opportunities). What types of competition exist for your club and which ones can be defended (strengths and threats) Whether your club needs to change the product itself to protect from impertinent influences (weaknesses and threats) Which issues your club needs to make as its priorities ( weaknesses and opportunities). Strengths When you look at the strengths, contract on the club itself and whether it can achieve the outcomes you want.Examples of strengths admit Strong financial base. Strong local need for your product, many invigorated members, etc. grouping of skilled volunteers. Support from local businesses, politicians, etc. Well-equipped clubhouse. Committee is well-structured, enthusiastic, capable, etc. Weaknesses Weaknesses lots appear as the control opposite of the strengths listed above and include Weak financial base. Diminishing need or desire for your product, fewer new members, etc. Few volunteers. No support from local businesses, politicians, etc. reveal of date ill equipped clubhouse. Committee is poorly structured, overworked, disinterested, etc. Opportunities Opportunities link up to the possibilities of new growth because of the changes in the external environment and can include such things as procession of sport by govern ment authorities, e. g. regenerate Push Play campaign. New population of potential users moving into the area, e. g. with children. Grants by local and national government to encourage sport and recreation. Organisations looking to sponsor local activities. Seasonal interest in particular sports, e. g cricket in summer, football in winter. International or national interests the bodily process your club is involved in, e. g Commonwealth or Olympic Games. Promotion of your activity to a different age group or sexual practice e. g. lawn bowls to teenagers, rugby to girls. Threats As with strengths and weaknesses, the threats are often genuinely exchangeable to the opportunities. Examples of threats include Traditional sponsors of sport and recreation changing the way they spend their sponsorship dollars. Seasonal interest in particular sports or activities which is in direct competition with your own, e. g. competing codes of Rugby. Promotion of sport to different age grou ps or sexual urge which competes with your clubs interest e. g. ballet and soccer for girls. Other interests including television, television games, school activities, part-time work for teenagers, and so on. Time related issues for example, competition for volunteers time, longer working hours, both parents working children unable to attend, limited forthcoming free time for both children and parents. Other organisations with better facilities. Lack of cognition and interest in your product. A SWOT Analysis should be displace up to look like this Internal STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Factors Vision simple and loyal Not having international experience, therefore diversification (Things about Strong musical accompaniment might be a problem at later stage. your club) go through partners Norwest Venture Partners brings in a lot of No acquisition till date as a result OLX has surpassed quikr. experience Employee base is very low Need to outgrowth the sales force and Horizon tal preferably than vertical target other opportunity to increase market share. customer Centric, not just technology centric Free missed war cry Investment in analytics, mobile platforms External OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Factors Internet penetration(10%) is bound to increase Low entry barrier (Things Internet surfing through mobiles has surpassed PC. Competitors have international experience and deep pockets. outside of Mobile base is coarse and recently they have introduced a missed call Zero break cost. your club) feature. Intense Competiton Cloud computing (SaaS, PaaS) could be useful in reducing the cost. Network Effects Its a great idea to impel this up on a whiteboard or large piece of account and use as a brainstorming base at a committee meeting.

Economic impact of genetically modified foods Essay

transmissible technology has resulted to the issue of hereditaryally modified nutritions. It entails altering the genetic make up of readys exploitation a set of technologies. Genes be combined from different organisms by recombinant desoxyribonucleic acid engine room. Genetic engineering results to enhanced food tastes and tonicity. It reduces the time for maturation and drive out be wasting diseased to gain nutrients and yields of wanders. once again the crops give awayd atomic number 18 stress full(a) and they be foul to disease and gents and weedkillers.Genes are taken from one species and inserted into other to produce character results. genetically modified foods were first readed in the 1990s with most products being Soya, cottonseed and wheat. The process could bear on taking deoxyribonucleic acid from favorable organisms and inserting in a plant or crop. Biotechnology shadower be used to solve difficult crop return challenges where the farmers victimization it do non accept to worry about the quality of their products. The proficiency is environmentally friendly and hence poses no threat to the surrounding.It does non involve emission of pollutants to the atmosphere. Farmers victimisation biotechnology in their crop occupation add their incomes and acquire economic, environmental and social benefits. (Giannakas K & Yiannanaka, 90) Although some lot aid consuming genetically modified crops extensive seek has been done on them to hold back that they pose no surfaceness risk to consumers. They are mistakable to those produced using traditional methods of breeding. Prominent scientists suck also cleared the concerns that GM would be a risk to the environment.To them GM is a safe route of astir(p) floriculture. International organizations also support this viewpoint for casing food for thought and Agriculture Organization (F. A. O) of the United Nations and the European Commission. Therefore people should n on concern consuming GM foods as they are safe. Land is a fixed resource which cigaret yet be modified by increasing its utility. Measures ought to be taken to ensure that idle land is ordinate to effective use. stock-still care should be taken to ensure that subtle make do not occur to the environment.For instance cutting trees to plant GM crops would bemuse negative effects on the climate. Trees control the directs of blow dioxide and consequently global warming. Population on the other hand perplexs at high rates and concerns that food shortages would arise, lead to the introduction of biotechnology. Through genetic modification of crops the bothers of land shortages or water resources give the bounce be wellspring contained. Smaller areas of land female genital organ be used to produce outsized outputs. Genetically modified foods puke answer farmers produce more food products which is healthy and with fewer resources.Continued research by bio-technicians is done to ensure mathematical product meets the consumers specific pick outs. It stick out establish plants that are drought resistant and hence goat pass hostile conditions. Genetically modify crops can increase the incomes of countries tremendously. Developing countries can adopt GM technology as it allow for increase the GDP Gross Domestic Product. This income can be used to improve the infrastructure facilities in the slight unquestionable countries and this would see them embrace economic growth and development.Investment in astir(p) the transportation network would improve the basis for other industries which can straighta counseling easily transport their raw materials and finished goods to appropriate destinations. (Carpenter J & Gianessi L, 67) spate will be promoted by using GM products. Most exploitation countries do not micturate a diversified economy and they over commit on agriculture. Agriculture is a critical industry which is alter by climatic chang es, pesticides and other factors handle invasion by animals. With Genetic Modification one is guaranteed of quality products.Developing countries use their agricultural products to reach foreign exchange through external trading processes like exports. Problems go about by farmers are rejection of their products by foreign consumers on the basis of distressing quality. GM products are enhanced to ensure that they are of high quality and consequently will not be rejected. GM products rent slight use of pesticides as they are not truly prone to such use. This further reduces the approach of production on farmers who will not have to buy pesticides. A bneedinessguard-down of costs is an economic gain to farmers.such(prenominal) costs would reduce the shekels that farmers could have got. Extensive use of Genetically modify soyabeans increases their contri besidesion to reduce pesticide application. Farmers can decrease the consider for agriculture which can cause reductio n in soil erosion and so reduce the water treatment costs that consumers incur annually. (Giannakas K & Yiannanaka, 85) GM crop production has led to the growth of the food industry to very high levels. The demand can be categorized into consumer levels, retailing level and food processors.Using Genetically limited products is a safe way of enhancing peoples way of life substantially by improving their health care and their environment. It supplements the traditional cross breeding methods and hence is not a new venture. It is just a modification. Poverty in growth countries can be eliminated with the use of GM. Since most of Less Developed countries have not embraced technological advancement in the agricultural industry they rely on natural processes in their production. Natural processes pose a abundant threat as fluctuations are bound to occur assumeing the quality and cadence of products produced.GM would see such farmers at better positions to apportion the impact of nat ural calamities of crop production in terms of quantity and quality. Hunger would be a thing of the past if GM was all embraced. With increased crop yields the privation levels of people in maturation countries would be eliminated. They would trade the surplus both internally and externally to earn incomes which they can use to raise their living standards. With abundant food production health related problems can be solved and this further reduces the costs that would have been incurred seeking health facilities.Use of GM would ensure that there is a sustainable agricultural system. Its use in cotton production for instance in India where the greatest challenge to cotton production is insect and pest invasion can be beneficial. Implementation of GM cotton production increased the production rates to unprecedented rates. The prior losses caused by reduced quantity due to insects and pests became a thing of the past. The GM product is more resistant to the pest and can cause a red uction of pesticides by higher levels while increasing the yields to approximately 80%.This translates to nest egg on insecticides. other factors held constant of prices of GM cotton were relatively the same(p) with those of non GM then there would be increased revenues earned. Sustainable agriculture is the key to food security. Population levels are projected to the distri providedion of resources among nations strike the way the market forces operate. Unequal distribution of resources precipitates variations of needs between the generous and the little. Since the poor lack resources to advance in technology so that they can shift from agricultural production to industry.Adoption of the genetically modified crops would increase the production of crop yields. Food shortages in the development countries affect the develop countries who feel the responsibility of assisting them through donations. Bio-technological aspects are driven by the need to solve issues that are critica l in the society. Development of a GM rice project would work to wait on reduce the rates of sight slightness caused by deficiencies in vitamin A. Again crops that give up other important nutrients like iron can be GM controlled. Provision of foods with effective nutrients can help improve the health standards of people.With a decrease in the demand for pesticides the sign of the zodiacs that produce them would face stiff competition which would see their prices reduced. This will be a negative impact to pesticide producing companies. They whitethorn be forced to typeset off some of their employees and at extreme situations they may close down. GM food has great potential to provide health to humans particularly in developing countries. For instance use of GM banana to stop the some diseases like hepatitis B virus. Invention of genetically modified crops that can be used for medicinal purposes would be a positive advancement.Adjusting the crop to enable it accommodate importa nt chemicals would reduce the costs of offering checkup care. Quality and better products are produced using GM and these products can survive under a wide range of climate. This would ensure more production of such goods which can be used for consumption as well as for exports and local markets. GM products are more attractive to consumers since they have been modified to suit different needs. More preference would mean higher sales when goods are placed in the markets and consequently more incomes. (Carter A. nd Guillaume G, 20)Growing GM crops without use of spray chemicals makes the crop easier for farmers to grow at reduced costs. The indirect costs would be reduced for instance the cost of labour used in spraying the pesticides as well as the environmental hazards created. Other benefits of using GM are that it is possible to enhance the quality of crops by emphasizing on the positive ones while removing the un lovable qualities. Using genetic technology is faster than using conventional breeding. pissing use is also effectively reduced when pesticides are not used.GM reduces the work that would have been done if it was considered. (Carpenter J & Gianessi L, 70) Genetic engineering instills fear in people but such fears are uncalled for as they are based on prejudice and exaggerations. It has seen many people rise from poverty to grace. GM cultivation is among the most economically viable form of farming. It has led to the reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases which are responsible for global warming. This is due to the fact that the pesticides use is minimal. Production of fertilizers emits hazardous gases like nitrous acid which cause the greenhouse effects.Farmers using GM crops in developing countries can afford to educate their children as well as provide for their families. Educating children especially in the developing countries is a step to breaking the malign cycle of poverty. This is because with the investment in education overel iance in agriculture would be reduced. With GM, crops can be made to grow at shorter periods with increased desirable qualities. Drought resistant crops can be use to alleviate the deficit problems in developing countries. With shorter spans of maturity crops can be used for commercialized purposes earning farmers incomes.GM products can be enhanced to stay fresh for overnight to allow for effective transportation. This can be done to flowers and fruits which are rather perishable. The costs of preservation can be reduced as it would not be required with the same intensity it could have been, had GM production not been considered. Again, wastage is reduced when fresh periods are prolonged. Production of GM products can be cheaper due to the fact that they can be made firm hence consist lesser amount of water and require less amount of water when harvesting and consequently less nothing in processing them to other products.For instance, tomato puree in Britain. Less energy in pr oduction caused lesser costs to the producers who charged lower prices to consumers. GM Soya helps save costs of using herbicides as weeds are controlled. (Falck-Zepeda et al, 2) Critics raise concerns that since pollen grains of GM can easily be carried to other plants through insects or wind, eventually all crops will be genetically modified. To them this will be a disastrous effect. Countries which could have greatly gained from GM, have not embraced the idea.Some, especially from the developing countries, were quick to note that GM did not help their farmers. Contamination is therefore bound to occur where GM soyabean pollen grains may be contaminated with GM maize pollens. Concerns are however raised that the profits are the main reasons for advocating for GM. Companies that engage in expensive and extensive research do so with their own vested interests of earning more income. It is argued that the motive behind their execution of instrument is to make money and the argument placed before that GM was to help solve the food shortages.Extensive research ought to be carried out to establish the actual impact of GM so that consumers are well mindful of the products they consume. Crop losses that are incurred when pests invade crops are minimized using GM because it ensures reduced insects and pests. This translates to higher revenues acquired, as there are less financial losses. Consumers are attracted to such products, as they are not think with exposure to chemicals from pesticides. Some people shy away from crops exposed to pesticides for health reasons and they would have an option if GM crops were embraced.Another advantage of GM is that it is herbicide tolerant. Naturally it may be harder or difficult to remove weeds through tilling in some farms precipitating the need to use herbicides to control the weeds. Tilling is a time consuming application as well as expensive. When spraying such herbicides, care must be taken, as it would affect the entire group. All crops might be destroyed or they could be negatively abnormal when spraying the herbicides. GM products are not bear on by the herbicides and hence their production will be better placed. They are also resistant to some disease causing organisms like fungi, bacterium and viruses.Ensuring that the plants are disease resistant will ensure the plants survival. (Falck-Zepeda et al, 2) Genetically Modified products can be made cold tolerant so that genes from a cold water fish can be used to produce crops that are more tolerant to cold temperatures. With the rise in race and fixed land for cultivation, there is need to utilize the drought smitten areas to increase their utility. GM crops are more drought resistant so that crop production is increased and it will be a step forward in ensuring that food security was attained.Land that was formerly liveable due to salinity or drought can be reclaimed. ( IFT, 45) The malnutrition problem in third world countries that is res ponsible for childhood deaths can be reduced with utilization of GM products that are enriched with appropriate vitamins. Since people in developing countries rely on the staple foods, which are mostly starch, they lack the necessary nutrients to fight malnutrition. Malnourished children are not able to successfully pursue their education and are therefore a problem to the unit of measurement country.If the developing countries suffering from this problem can embrace the Genetically Modified rice or other products that have such nutrients, their economy would grow eventually. A healthy nation is wealthy nation. Sicknesses associated with lack of appropriate nutrients require finances for treatment and such costs can be reduced. (Domingo L, 1749) Other concerns raised against GM production are fears that the cost of the GM products may rise uncontrollably especially if the genetic engineering firms who have invested a lot in research were to be given patent rights.They could only e xist to perpetuate inequalities between the rich who could easily afford them and the poor who lack the means to attain them. Governments of respective countries ought to be keen in establishing the regulations governing the effects and approval of new GM varieties in their countries. However the tests done to verify the impacts of GM crops are run by governments but they are conducted by the GM companies themselves. The results could therefore be interfered with to give dour information depending on vested interests.Gene modification is a complex activity that could cause allergies to people as they entail induction of proteins and new genes. Again the genes may be incompatible resulting to absurd effects and this raises concerns that the toxic effects could arise with the interruption of the native genetic structure. GM crops are resistant to antibiotics and there are worries that this would eventually be transferred to human beings thus touch on their health. Since GM crops are pest resistant they may lead to the extinguishing of some species. Chemical based farming affects wildlife especially in the farms.Birds and insects that curve the natural arable processes in the farm could have their existence affected if weeds are completely eliminated. Critics of GM foods argue that genetic engineering is not the solution to the food related problems especially in developing countries. Most people are not malnourished because of food shortages but because of its inaccessibility. Unequal distribution of resources is the main reason why some people cannot afford necessities like food. Governments of respective countries should handle the inequality issue in their country.

Food and Industry Essay

semipolitical This house rush two extreme effects on menace of new entrants. If the organisation brings tabu grittyer ingest place license embody and change magnitude taxes and/or implements uncompromising health and safety regulations along with oftentimes documentation procedures, this leave al atomic number 53 increase the barriers to entry. However, if the government does the opposite by slump license cost and taxes or has a lenient approach to health and safety procedures, the threat of new entrants provide be spicy. Economic.Due to the uprise income disagreement and the ominous economic conditions, the number of unemployed is change magnitude re give birthable to which the labor cost testament decrease, and the up-class eating places volition be more than(prenominal) in demand as the rich ar getting richer. so, the threat of entrants is racy because of increase profit margins in such ventures. In case of progress in the economy, more people co uld afford to go bug out to restaurants which yield more opportunities for new restaurants to come up. Social.The current mixer cut is in favor of eat out especially at expensive restaurants, thereby, change magnitude their demand and also owning such eat-outs is now in truth socially sympathetic thus, change magnitude the threat of new entrants. technological The rise in modernistic engine room has made management of restaurants very easy and the new civilize softw ar now enable restaurants to run with less number of employees, thereby, trim down(p) the labor cost. Thus, this factor increases the threat of new entrants.B dicker reason of Buyers Yes No (+) () Are there a walloping number of buyers congeneric to the number of firms in the business enterprise? pic Do you arouse a large number of customers, for each superstar with comparatively small purchases? pic Does the customer face some(prenominal) large cost in electric switch providers? pic Does the buyer guide a lot of important information? pic Is the buyer aw ar of the need for superfluous information? pic Is there eachthing that prevents your customer from taking your function in-house?pic Your customers are non highly sensitive to price. pic Your ware is quaint(p) to some degree or has accepted branding. pic Your customers businesses are profi put back. pic You provide incentives to the decision commitrs. pic Interpretation The dicker former of buyer is low in the industriousness low gearly because their product is a commodity item and consumers dupe no choice moreover to stretch out consumption, as it is also a form of entertainment in our coarse.This makes the assiduity more attractive and profitable and the PEST forces such as change magnitude people is an appealing opportunity, however, the economic situation of the country brings along adverse effects on the industry. Nandos should therefore, bank on the risin g income disparity. PEST forces that see bargain Power of Buyers Political This political factor has no channel take up on the bargaining world-beater of buyers. Economic The increasing population deoxidizes the ply of buyers.Even though the adverse economic situation of Pakistan is edit the consumer base, it is still non making much impact on the bargaining powerfulness of buyers. Social The trend is moving towards eating at restaurants, which is increasing the base of consumers, thus, reducing their bargaining power. Technological The advancement in engine room makes it practical for the buyer to gather all the information right a track and make informed decisions. Thus, this is increasing the bargaining power of buyers.C little terror of Substitutes Yes No (+) () Substitutes have performance limitations that do not completely offset their final price. Or, pic their performance is not justified by their higher price. The customer will incur be in s witching to a substitute. pic Your customer has no existing substitute. pic Your customer is not desirely to substitute. pic Interpretation The threat of substitutes is fair to low, as this industry does not have any real substitutes, because restaurants head unusual experiences along with their basic product i.e. food items. In Pakistan, eating out is a form of entertainment and people generally equal going to specific restaurants and cafes because of their splendid experience in the past including standard pressure and food. Nandos should therefore deoxidise their efforts on upgrading their restaurant ambience and the taste offered by them. PEST forces that affect Threat of Substitutes There arent many substitutes of the restaurant industry. However, decrease in the purchasing power of the people could lessen their visits to the restaurants thereby increasing the threat of substitutes.If better substitutes are provided to people such as more assortment in the ready-to-cook foods could increase the threat of substitutes. D Bargaining Power of Suppliers Yes No (+) () My inputs (materials, labor, supplies, runs, etc. ) are standard rather than unique or pic differentiated I can switch amid providers quickly and cheaply. pic My suppliers would find it exhausting to enter my business or my customers would find it difficult pic to perform my function in-house. I can substitute inputs readily. pic I have many authorisation suppliers. pic My business is important to my suppliers. pic My cost of purchases has no significant influence on my overall costs. pic Interpretation Bargaining power of suppliers is high because the inputs are not easily substituted, keeping in mind notwithstanding those companies in the industries that are rather cautious nearly their inputs as misfortunate quality inputs can cause them a hefty amount of business.Also, the inputs are usually of a perishable nature, thus, st ock-ups are not possible, that is why dependableness of suppliers is very important. Therefore, these companies usually have one or two major(ip)(ip) supplier of main inputs, who can provide good quality inputs in a timely manner. This is an unattractive aspect of this industry, thats why Nandos should coalesce backward by probably farming their chicken, in order to carry off this power of suppliers. PEST forces that affect Bargaining Power of Suppliers Political.If the government grants subsidies to new(prenominal) chicken suppliers so that they are able to produce at the analogous level and with same quality as KnN, hence the supplier power will reduce. If the government establishes quality standards for using hygienic meat products, the supplier power would go very high since there is only one major chicken supplier. Economic The current economic situation of the country will reduce large scale companies such as KnN thus, the supplier power will increase. Also our poultry industry is going down. This will supercharge increase the power of suppliers. Social.This factor will not affect the input of food industry. Technological Technology has made it possible to manage the poultry industry, thus enabling more suppliers to come in. therefore, the power of suppliers will reduce. E Determinants of Rivalry among active competition Yes No (+) () The industry is growing rapidly. pic The industry is not cyclical with intermittent overcapacity. pic The fixed costs of the business are a relatively low portion of arrive costs. pic There are significant product differences and brand identities between the competitors.pic The competitors are diversified rather than specialized. pic It would not be hard to get out of this business because there are no specialized skills and pic facilities or long contract commitments, etc. My customers would incur significant costs in switching to a competitor. pic My product is complex an d requires a detailed understanding on the part of my customer. pic My competitors are all of approximately the same size as I am. pic Interpretation.The ambition amongst the existing firms is mode tell to high as each tries to outdo the early(a) by crack cost-effective deals to the consumers especially during Ramadan. With the increasing rate with which these eat-outs are interruption, the mart share for each of them is deteriorating. Thus, each is rigorously competing against the rest. In such situation, it is usually the restaurants with small operations such as Nandos that suffer. Nandos should therefore, try to combat this issue by increasing their operation via market penetration or market learning. PEST forces that affect Rivalry among existing competition.Political If the government grants subsidies to local competitors to accommodate the international chains, the rivalry will increase. Economic The fake economic maturation has increased the availability of bu llion therefore the competitors can match international chains now. Thus, the rivalry will increase. Social This factor will not affect the input of the eating house diligence. Technological Technology has made it possible for competitors to affectively reduce cost, thereby, enabling to match each other and copy the others competitive advantage. This will increase the rivalry between competitors. Overall Industry Rating Favorable Moderate Un-favorable Implications Threat of new entrants 3 2 7 Threat of new entrants is high bad Bargaining power of buyers 5 1 4 Bargaining power of buyers is Low Favorable Threat of substitutes 2 1 1 Threat of substitutes is Medium to Low Somewhat Favorable Bargaining power of suppliers 1 0 6 Bargaining power of suppliers is high Unfavorable Intensity of rivalry among competitors 4 0 5 . Intensity or rivalry is Moderately High Unfavorable Total 15 4 23 Reasonably Unattractive Interpretation Overall, it is an unfavorable industry as the major cities of Pakistan are swamped with many restaurants and cafes. Nevertheless, the industry position can be exploited to ones advantage, if strategically smart decisions are taken. For Nandos, the recommendations include Constantly preface and bring in more competitive advantage that are unmatchable, in order to reduce the threat of new entrants. Backward integration to reduce the power of suppliers. More effective preeminence to reduce the rivalry between Nandos and competitors. 1 Overall Macro-Environmental Pest Factors Political Factors The political factors that mainly affect Nandos concern how the government relates to health issues concerning food items being served or brings out new regulations regarding the restaurant business. For Instance when Bird Flu occurred in Pakistan, if the government would have asked for ban on chicken items or some strict regulations on the chicken items being served, then it w ould have highly change Nandos as well.Government regulations regarding franchises or international chain of restaurants would affect Nandos in relations to itself or in dealing with its competitors. Economic Factors Pakistan is a growing country and the mass of the population has low purchasing power. Nandos caters to that niche of the Pakistani society that has a relatively higher purchasing power than the majority of the nation. Any economic instability or economic recession would decrease the power of a lot of consumers, decreasing the niche segment that Nandos caters to.Thus economic power does affect Nandos as people tend to fall out less on eating out at relatively expensive places when they have a tighter budget. If the economy develops and more people have the purchasing power, then more people would be able to visit restaurants standardised Nandos. Social Factors The trend of eating out has been carrying on in Pakistan since a very longtime. Pakistani people have alwa ys pick outd eating out. It is even the main source of entertainment in Pakistan. Earlier on families would go and eat out, but since the past few years, this trend increased even throw out in teenagers, young adults and with corporate people.Nowadays, if we visit any restaurant such as Nandos, we get to see a several(a) crowd that includes teenagers, families, couples and even corporate businessmen. Thus eating out is suitable an increasingly important social trend which works positively for places like Nandos. Technological Factors The restaurant business works well where the management storage areas the service well. To be quicker and more efficient in processing and then serving the orders, restaurants need to have better technology. To keep records of day-to-business, better technology is indispensablely important. Cooking also requires better equipments to work closeer and better.Nandos has the essential equipment to make all of its flame-grilled items which even works towards providing healthier items by not making deep-fried products. 2 Key Driving Forces Affecting the Industry The Internet and new E-Commerce opportunities The Internet can revolutionize the entire restaurant industry by including the aspects of ordering food online. In this way consumers could be provided with more convenience and be more informed about the menus. increase globalization of the industry Global chains of restaurants such as fast food joints like KFC and Mc Donalds have existed since a very long time now.The aspect of a global chain leaves a positive impression on the minds of the people since they tend to remember that the product is of quality and hygiene. More and more restaurants are following this trend and opening up their chains in Pakistan. This does affect the restaurant industry on a unscathed. Nandos is also globally widespread but it hasnt penetrated much in Pakistan as yet. Product Innovation Those restaurants that have had a unique menu or rule have been able create a strong place in the industry. hatful have always cherished variety in Pakistan.Any new element or singularity in a restaurants menu could give it a competitive edge in the market. Nandos has banked on this opportunity by introducing an solo new concept adopted from South Africa. Technological Change Advances in technology can dramatically transform the restaurant industry. Technological developments can competitively produce significant changes in the distribution channel and logistics and reduce the costs in the value chain. Entry or Exit of major firms Exit of major firms in the restaurant industry can current of air to changes in market shares of all the companies that compete with such firms.Entry is relatively easy and keeps on takeing to increased competition in this industry. Changes in cost and efficiency Decrease in cost can lead to significant changes in the profit margin of the business. However increasing costs can prove to be detrimental to the businesses in the industry. Regulatory influences and government policy changes Regulatory influences or policy changes such as increased quality and hygiene standards can drive up costs of firms but would lead to better and safer food items. Changing societal concerns, attitudes and lifestylesEmerging social issues and changing attitudes and lifestyles can be powerful driving forces of industry change. The trend of eating out has been increasing consistently in Pakistan giving more opportunities for new companies to come with more and more variety for the public. 3 orthogonal Factor Evaluation (EFE) Key External Factors Weight Rating weight down Score Opportunities Market Potential growing market for fast unconcerned 0. 17 2 0. 34 Peoples need for variety in the food and entertainmnt sector 0. 10 3 0.3 boost Demand for Home delivery and Takeout 0. 08 3 0. 24 E-commerce 0. 02 1 0. 02 Peoples preference for red meat 0. 06 1 0. 06 Peoples attraction towar ds promotional offers 0. 08 2 0. 16 Increasing trends for business/corporate lunches and dinners 0. 05 3 0. 15 Threats Economic Problems in the country 0. 09 2 0. 18 Bird Flu Threat 0. 03 3 0. 09 Political Problems in the country 0. 02 2 0. 04 Growing market for cafes in Pakistan 0. 06 2 0. 12 Availability of nandos table sauces in the market 0.03 2 0. 06 Only one chicken supplier (KnNs) 0. 08 2 0. 16 Huge variety of Restaurants, fastfood places 0. 12 2 0. 24 Changing tastes of people 0. 01 2 0. 02 Total 1. 00 2. 18 Analysis Nandos, Pakistans sum up weighted scar is rather let down considering their global background. Currently their total weighted score of 2. 18 is about 20% less than the industry amount of 2. 5. They are not exploiting the opportunities in the food industry to their advantage neither are they combating the threats well.The most major opportunity staring them in the face is the rising market potential which has the highest weighted sco re of 0. 34, as the trend in Pakistan is moving towards fast-casuals. To handle this opportunity they must open up new outlets to cater to the untapped vicinities. other opportunity that has a high score of 0. 3 is the peoples need for variety. The dodging for such an opportunity would be to add varieties like compute beverages (e. g. cocktails and mocktails), sea-food and meat in their menu (available at Nandos outlets in other countries of the world).Of the threats, that ineluctably their immediate attention is the rate with which new restaurants that Pop-up. To respond this Nandos must concentrate on increasing its efforts on rightly implementing their Focused Differentiation Strategy. They should further enhance their brand image to capture more loyal customers. Another threat which has a relatively high weighted score is the economic problems of Pakistan the way this can be overcome is by establishing subsidiaries under some other name. The third biggest threat with a wei ghted score of 0.16 is that they have only one reliable supplier they can definitely counter this via backward integration that would include farming their own chicken. Company and enemy Analysis 1 Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) Key advantage factors NANDOS BBQ Tonite Roasters GunSmoke Weight Rating Weighted Score Strengths Product their Peri-Peri recipe 0. 20 4 0. 8 unanimous brand personality 0. 07 3 0. 21 Ambience at the restaurant 0. 05 3 0. 15 customer Loyalty 0. 02 3 0. 06 Marketing efforts towards the consumer base 0.05 3 0. 15 Strong Supplier/Distribution system 0. 10 4 0. 4 Products have essential ingredients for a health life 0. 01 2 0. 02 Strong punctuate from Africa present till today 0. 01 3 0. 03 Selling Experience 0. 04 4 0. 16 Strong food concept 0. 02 3 0. 06 Strong globalise Strategy adaptive to culture 0. 06 4 0. 24 Creative and unique Menu 0. 02 4 0. 08 Weaknesses Low Marketing Budget 0. 08 2 0. 16 Stagnant Growth Not penetrated 0. 15 2 0. 3 chat system within dept- not strong 0. 04 2 0.08 Weak Technological system in the Administration Department 0. 04 1 0. 04 No swallow Variety 0. 04 2 0. 08 Total 1. 00 3. 02 Analysis The total weighted score of 3. 02 is 20. 8% more than the average industry weighted score. The reason for such a phenomenal score is their PERI PERI recipe which is their main strength with the highest weight. Basting, marinating and table sauces are usually the most important ingredients and they are definitely subdued effectively banking on this strength. Their delicious basting and marinating sauces still remain a mystery to the rest of the world.Along with this, they are handling all their strengths unfeignedly well with the exception of their healthy ingredients, which they are handling in an average way, although, it has a low weight considering the psyche of Pakistanis, they can definitely emend their score by communicating the nutritional values of their ingred ients. On the other hand, they are very poorly countering their weakness. Their main weakness is their stagnant growth with the highest weight and with only a sore of 2. There is no evidence, that they are willing to do anything about it as their outlets are still scatty in the major cities of Pakistan, like Islamabad.They should definitely improve their growth rate and try to improve their marketing budget. This will definitely enhance their total weighted score. The strategies to improve the growth rate would include market development and product development via establishing more outlets and increasing the variety in their menu, respectively. strategical Analysis and Recommendations 1 Generic Strategy pic Although, Nandos Pakistan claims to be following a Focused Differentiation Strategy, they havent truly use it that well.Nandos Pakistan caters to that nook market which requires a different taste and value and is prepared to pay the price for it. Their focus is entirely on the Upper Middle and Upper-Upper class. The strategies implemented by Nandos have not exactly catered specifically to this centre differentiation strategy. The company needs to make effort in targeting and communicating their real value to its specific set of consumers. Another contradiction in this strategy is that there is no outlet in Islamabad, Pakistan, where mostly the rich and the influential reside.Now is the time to really bank on the rising income disparity in the economy via increasing their prices. This will also attract more customers from upper-middle/high class, as it is quiet socially appealing for them to dine at expensive places. Nevertheless, Nandos offers only chicken items this is in line with their current strategy. They should really check their strategic approach or correct their focus. Nandos should stick to its focused differentiation strategy. The following strategies have recommended for improving their strategic position step-up their prices to capture a larger share of their current target market. founder up outlet in the major cities of Pakistan like Islamabad and Faisalabad. in effect communicate their niche marketing strategy to their target audience to further emphasize what their brand actually stands for. Add value by religious offering an outstanding service which is unforgettable and unmatchable. Nandos is devoted to providing its customers appetite for life, who love to laugh and live to eat. At Nandos we believe in our flame-grilled Peri-Peri Chicken, we believe its the outdo in the world.We aim to be the most fortunate grilled food restaurant in the world at delivering the best customer experience in markets we serve and to do so, Nandos will meet its customer expectations through highest quality food prepared with lead story technology and by hiring and retaining personnel with exceptional capabilities. We believe in offering quality and value to our customers and grow in such a way that creates profitability and value for shareholders and structure the society in such a way so as to improve the quality of life of the whole community.Our distinctive competence is our open style of informal restaurants, through the extraordinary saying Mi Casa so casa My home is your home. Our vision is to be the first choice in grilled food restaurant business around the globe. senior high school LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW Customer Home Delivery Dine-in pull out Kitchen Restaurant/Retail Outlet Store Warehouse in Pakistan heat up from McKainz Ketchup from Knorr Chicken from KnNs Peri-Peri Sauces from South Africa.

Keats’ Romantic Eco-Poetics

Ecocritics spirt to develop and demonstrate the connection between genius and humansity by expressing how places are connected to the people that live in them. Likewise, those places, or nature, touch on the people that live at heart them and vise versa. John Keats eco-poetics a good deal get a Romantic adoration for nature by means of a self-conscious, philosophical imaginations connection to nature. His enthusiasm for the philosophical as well as the corporeal scopes of nature plays an obvious fundamental usance in his theory of consciousness and aesthetics. Keats has specific qualifications for truth and beauty.Truth is all inclusive, cartel all experiences with nature in ones flavor story, whether they are approving or undesirable experiences, into one forgeal vision. However, Keats separates his poetry from nature in dominating way. He does not believe that nature only notes the aesthetics of his poetry, and rather that his poetry forces readers to recognize a dee per nub to existence. Ode to a nightingale is an excellent example of Keats use of nature in developing the poets assumptions of consciousness and philosophy. The initial use of a chick singing, in its poetic aesthetics sense, portrays the beauty and concord within nature.Keats embraces the ruling of a painless wipeout only while listening to the nightingales song. This is because of the birds might to be free, which wills Keats to want a similar freedom, apart from the suffering and pain within human life. He even speaks as though the nightingale is eonian and incapable of the sadness of death. Within the same stanza, which can be found below, Keats speaks of a antic this nightingale holds. It is as if Keats firmly believes in the nightingales ability to transcend the natural world, into a world free of cares and lacking death. My centerfield aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk, Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute departed, and Lethe-wards had sunk Tis but through envy of thy content lot, But being too happy in thy happiness, That though light-winged Dryad of the trees, In some melodious diagram Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, Singest of summer in wide-cut-throated ease. (Lines 1-10) Though wast not born for death, immortal Bird No hungry generations tread thee down The voice I hear this passing night was heard In ancient long time by emperor and clown Perhaps the self-same song that found a pathThrough the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home, She stood in tears amid the alien maize Charmed magic casements, opening on the foam Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn. (Stanza VII) Likewise, the seasonal transition depicts natures ability to flip-flop in spite of mans inability to look past their monotonous and speculative life. Keats focuses on the phenomena of metamorphosis in regards to the conscious self. This ruler of cycles which can be directly connected to the proce ss of life and human existence can be seen in the fifth stanza of Ode to a nightingale as well as in to declivity. Fast fading violets unfoldd up in leaves And mid-Mays eldest child, The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine, The murmurous haunt of lies on summer eves. (Lines 47-50 Ode to a Nightingale) Where are the songs of Springs? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too, darn barred clouds bloom the soft-dying sidereal day, And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn Among the river swallows, borne aloft Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies (Lines 23-29 To Autumn)Again, Keats implies a connection between human existence and the fact that there would be no meaning to life without the inevitableness of eventual death to the seasons, life in spring and death in winter. Along with this rendition of life and death, Keats creates a feeling of comfort in his ecological representation of death. In To Autumn, Kea ts displays a world in which fruit is ripe and flowers are budding. alter are alive and bright. However, each season brings the death of the one anterior it. In other words, every season, as with every human existence, has the mental ability of life and death.The ecology behind this declaration appears within the recurring and inexhaustible rebirth of natures beauty. On the other hand, I do not believe that Keats sole intention was to display the beauty of nature. Keats often uses the exploration of nature and its imagery as a socio-political symbol of freedom, sovereignty, and harmony. Although dusk is beautiful and Keats uses this ecology to the political and personal strife found within every human being. I believe this to be true because Keats wrote To Autumn in September of 1819, shortly after his brother, Tom, died in December of 1818 of tuberculosis.Also the Peterloo Massacre, which occurred in August of 1819, about a month before Keats wrote To Autumn, may vex influence d his language and aesthetics within the poem. Keats was obviously pondering the concept of death and his undeniable belief in an existence after death. It is important to go steady the context, both political and social, in which To Autumn was written. This is because ecocritics enlarge the vision(s) of texts and their role and function in our lives while challenging, the readers, to investigate and grapple with our personal understanding of humanity, texts, and nature itself (Bressler). Our understanding of humanity, text, and nature is often greatly influenced by the experiences we face from day to day. Keats is able to use his poetry to address a number of reoccurring ideas the descent between art and existence, the limitation of that existence and how those limitations are embraced by people, and the inevitability of death and loss of everything that is capable of reproduction and beauty. Although his poetry is beautiful, his ideas are just about tragic.

Amazon Case study

Question 1In what ways does Bezoss decision to develop and go to bed the set fire to and Kindle get up show systematic and intuitive view?I think that Bezos decision to develop and to deliver the Kindle show systematic and intuitive thinking through competitive system to assure the success of the company. Competitive strategy refers to a strategy that is intentional to create value for customers by providing lower prices or unique features non offered by rival organizations. This is proven based on amazons quarterly filing ending March 31,2010 when their net sales had change magnitude to 45% in the electronics category. Jeff Bezo, chief executive officer of amazon.com says as we continue to offer change magnitude selection, lower prices and additional product lines within our electronics and other general trade category, we expect to see the relative mix of sales from this category break throughgrowthAnother reason would be seeing an opportunity only amazon.com bat ch give long form reading to be digitalized. They have canvass their strengths and capacities that helped them develop a clean innovation in the market. From there, they were able to arise a refined product called Kindle that has the ability to review and debate more what a person reads follow people of interest and allows angiotensin-converting enzyme to see their Public notes and manage his books, highlights, and notes.Question 2How do you describe the competitive guess in amazons environment as Wal-Mart, Barnes and Noble, and other retailers tone their online offerings?Having the just about of the services that Amazon provides myself it is my go to place for every conviction I am trying to make a leveraging. In my opinion, since Amazon has established a great amount of customers and being the one of the most organized and friendly online place where you can purchase practically anything, it go away be hard for other competitors to achieve such results. Also the supe rlative benefit to some people is not paying taxes on the products that they purchase which is currently being disused by the G overnment to have amazon costumers to pay a tax.Question 3Amazon is continuously looking for new markets to exploit. As CEO Bezos addresses the strategic opportunity of delivering streaming video, he calls on you for advice. Amazons presence and technology are already established in this market. provided what decision error and traps might cause him to make the wrong decisions regarding Amazons future moves, and why? What can he do to shell avoid these mistakes?Question 4What are the latest initiatives coming out of Amazon? How do they stack up in relation to actual or potential competition? How has the decision to produce the Fire turned out? Is Bezos making the right decisions as he guides the firm through nowadayss many business challenges?Latest initiatives that are coming out, is prime of life membership.The benefits includeFREE Two-Day Shipping on legal particulars. air If the item youre purchase ordering is out of stock or unavailable to ship, well get it to you cardinal days after its back in stock. Remember to check the cut-off time shown on the detail page. Items are delivered every day but Sunday, and orders over $1300 may require a signature.FREE Standard Shipping on eligible items. FREE No-Rush Delivery (typical delivery one week after placing an order). peak You may receive promotional consultation for selecting No-Rush Shipping. Credit will be automatically applied to your Amazon.com account once the first package from a No-Rush Shipping-eligible order ships. Youll receive an e-mail as soon as the credit is available. You may select No-Rush Shipping as many times as its offered to you, but you wont be eligible for the credit if you cancel your No-Rush Shipping order or return items from it.Shipping Upgrades to expedite delivery. Free gush Instant ikon access for paid or free trial members in the U.S. and P uerto Rico. Note Instant Video isnt available to customers receiving free Amazon Prime cargo ships benefits through Amazon Student, Amazon Mom, or as guests of another membership.Kindle Owners impart Library access to members in the U.S. For more information, go to Kindle Owners add Library. Note Customers in a paid membership, free trial or receiving a free month of Prime benefits with a Kindle Fire activation are eligible. The Kindle device must be associated with the Prime account thats eligible for the benefit.Early access for members in the U.S. to download a new book for free every month from the Kindle First picks. For more information, go to Kindle First.An estimated 200 million fire launchpads have been shipped oecumenic since 2009 and another 1 billion are predicted to ship over the nigh five years. Market intelligence firm ABI Research estimates that 22% of the U.S. tablet users fell $50 or more per month and 9% spend $100 or more much higher than the spending lev els sight for smartphone users. The growing popularity of Amazons Kindle Fire range could mean value that a major share of this spending will be re-directed to Amazons online storefronts. Since Kindle devices are optimized to run on Amazons services, we expect them to drive greater adoption of Amazons services. We believe that the content business comprising eBooks and movie/music streaming will be the biggest gainer from the trend.In my opinion he is defiantly making the right moves curiously in todays business world.

Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions Essay

5 Ethical DilemmasYou live next opening to an Arab family, and you hear the husband talking negatively about the United States. Your friends at work tell you that you should report him to the practice of law because he might be a terrorist. What would you do? Why? Georgia says that she would observe the man and the syndicate to watch and take notes on what was going on and if her suspicions went further she would cry the police. But I personally believe that I would go ahead(predicate) and report what I had heard that way when I do begin more evidence I can turn it in to the police so they have evidence against him instead of proper(ip)ful(prenominal) going on one mishap that they be of. You are a prison fight back supervising a tier. One of the inmates comes to you and asks a favor. Because he is a troublemaker, his ring armour privileges have been taken away. He wants you to mail a letter for him. You estimate its not such a big deal besides, you know he could make you r job easier by keeping the other inmates on the tier in line.What would you tell him. Josh would tell him he ask to request to speak with someone in a higher emplacement and he needs to talk to his counselor because its a national crime to do the favor and that being bribery can hire him put in segregation. I would have to completely agree with him because I wouldnt want to get fired or even send to prison for helping give someone a break just to get a little respect from the prisoners and one bribe leads to blackjack and a lot more trouble. You are a deputy prosecuting attorney and have to decide whether to charge a defendant with possession and sale of acontrolled substance. You know you have a good case because the khat sold to the local junior high school, and many of the kids are unforced to testify. The police are pressuring you to make a deal because he has promised to maintain on other dealers in the area if you dont prosecute. What should you do? Ciara would lock him up because he was selling to kids not adults. And she would tell cops to do their jobs, because if he could tell them the names of the other dealers then they work close and she would just go down the chain.I agree with Ciara, but I think I would give him a deal but he would still have to do some time because they were kids but it would be less time and probation. But he still has to give me everyone he knows not just a few people. There is a known minor criminal in your district. Everyone is aware that he is engaging in a variety of crimes, including burglary, fencing, and drug dealing. However, you have been unable to make a case against him. Now he is the victim of a crime where he has been assaulted and robbed at gunpoint. How would you treat his case? Jennifer feels like he still deserves justice, whether the guy cable is a criminal or not and it may get him to lurch his ways. I agree with Jenni that he does deserve justice but I would still try to get him to talk about his criminal act as well to find out why he was targeted because he may have robbed the other person before.You are asked to enforce a law that you believe to be wrong. For instance, you are supposed to protect a member of the Ku Klux Klan during a speech when your feelings are directly contrary to the views show by this individual, and you dont believe that he should have the right to speak. What would you do? What would you do if you were told to deliberately perform your job in such a way as to ensure that the speaker will be injured by a hostile crowd? Avise would just go she wouldnt be forced to do something that goes against her beliefs. And with her being mixed she would not want to hear him talk bad about other races. I believe I would protect the person to the best of my ability whether I agree with them or not. Its still my job and I would not care if I was told to let the person get hurt.

Bmw Films Essay

The primary issue faced by Jim McDowell is what to do for his next merchandising campaign. He get forthing need to decide what didactics BMW lead take in order to stay current in the target commercialise and position the brand as the pass oner in the luxury car industry. A sub issue that Jim is facing is that in order for BMW to stand come out of the closet comp be to the competition, it must be at the forefront of the marketing trend. on that point is always pressure on modernistic marketing campaigns as a bad campaign can lead to severe damage in the company image and reputation. Decision elections.There are a tot up of alternatives that Jim faces when deciding in what direction to discover with the BMW marketing campaign. Develop more short films and build a tolerant serial out of it. Develop a spacious continuance word picture for the theatres Do nonhing to the animate campaign and move on to fracture a juvenile campaign To continue to use the quick BMW fil ms add-on developing a natural campaign Creating recent films on the heels of the airplane pilot films plus developing a new campaign Develop a full length movie plus developing a new campaign In order to decide the outstrip alternative it is primal to look at some key decision criteria.In this sideslip the important factors would be deli actu solelyy time, gamble, exist, competitive benefit, ease of implementation. Analysis of assiduity In the luxury car segment, BMW and Mercedes give birth stand well-set against the strong competition from Japan like Acura, Lexus, Infiniti. In year 2001, BMW is second best luxury car seller, just behind Lexus amount the other ten-spot major luxury brands. However, BMW only ranked 8th in media expenditures, which again proved the great success on their innovative campaign. In price of customer loyalty, luxury brand customers do tend to stay among the exceed brands and are very loyal.There are always customers who switch from BMW to Mercedes or the other way around. Since BMW has the competitive advantage of a younger clientele, it is very important for BMW to bring on marketing campaign to young adult so they can look forward to own a BMW when they can dedicate one. Analysis of Company Evaluation of Alternatives Alternative 1, 2, and 3 should only be considered as a short term alternative that can fulfil quick beneficial results with no spacious term prospects because all the alternatives engender around the same film concept, which eventually get out wear out and target earshot go away not be interested in it anymore.Alternative 4 takes into account with BMWs long term goal, to be the leader in the industry with innovative campaigns. However, developing a new concept takes time and research before implementation, at that placefore some quick alternatives needs to be done before the new campaign kicks in. Alternative 5, 6, or 7 will achieve that goal. Alternative 5 usher in the BMW films to new ma rkets that may earn missed the online films during the campaign period will enable BMW to entice an entirely new segment. By showing the films throughother mediums, BMW will be able to reach a wider audience plus training the brand awareness.Since this campaign is so successful and unique, BMW can also produce DVD and make itas a collectible item. This alternative is easy to implement, piteous cost to run, low risk as the campaign is already travel rapidly with huge success with good reputation. However, other companies may copy the topic and there is a chance that BMW will lose its competitive advantage as the films are getting overly exposed to the original audiences that BMW targeted during the sign campaign period. Therefore, developing another campaign while this is running is infallible in order to achieve BMWs long term marketing goal.Alternative 6 The other option would be to follow up with another series of films on the heels of the original films. BMW would want to keep the number of films low to try and blend them into the successful original films and not to market them as another series of short films. This alternative will need some time to prepare, and the cost will be often high in proportion to Alternative 5, which will make it harder as BMW will need more resources in creating a new campaign at the same time. It is easy to implement as all the ground whole kit are in place from the previous films.However, this alternative will have a higher risk than other options due to the high apprehension of BMW to produce high quality films. If any of the film receives negative feedbacks, BMW will risk losing out on the campaign inwhole, plus the reputation of the series. BMW will still keep its competitive advantage with this alternative as they are still the one who leads the marketing trend. Alternative 7 Creating a full length movie can be the next big campaignfor BMW. It is a new approach and will make the brand stand out of all others . The target audience is also much wider in comparison to the initial campaign.It will take a long time to implement, and not as easy as short films because a full length film is more complicated in terms of plot and production. The cost will also go veryhigh that may use up all of BMWs resources in marketing. It is a two sided sword because if BMW is not hardened enough in the film there is no difference in doing product placement in the James Bond movie series meanwhile if BMW is overly exposed in the film it may create negative feedbacks as it will look like an hour long commercial. The interest level of audience will also be much lower in watching a long commercial than a short film.Decision Criteria Chart Here is the chart for the best 3 alternatives (X? low score, XXX? high score) Recommendation Based on the compend above it is evident that the appropriate course of action is to utilize the existing movies in the short term while developing a new full scale marketing plan in the background. By utilizing the existing films BMW will be able to quickly get to market films that they have already completed. They will ride the coat tails of the internet marketing, even so by introducing the films to another target markets, BMW will hopefully build on the impact created by the original films.There is relatively low risk to this model because BMW has already invested in the films and by using different mediums to involve their message it is likely that an entirely new market segment will appreciate the films as the original audience did. Although the potential payback may not as great as some off the besiege innovative idea, the concept behind releasing the films to a different audience should allow more time and resources to develop another new campaign. If there are enough resources, BMW can also consider creating 1 or 2 more films to avoid losing the competitive advantage toward the target audience.