English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

English Literature - Essay Examplehat is to say, throughout toy I, a careful reader traces the development of rottenness mostly through the powerful character of major power Claudius and the impact of decomposition connected with the king on the entire kingdom of Denmark is evident to the readers. The theme of declension becomes perceptible in King Claudius speeches which also reveal the moral, social and political corruption existent in the entire society. In fact, Shakespeare has been realized through the critical works of several scholars as a generator with great social commitments and he has been especially powerive in dealing with the issue of corruption and its effect on the society of Hamlet. In the play, the images of disease pervade the dramatic language suggesting not merely the corruption of the individual but the degeneration of an entire society. Therefore, the images of disease and corruption can be seen right from the hatchway paroxysm of the play which, in t he course of action, turns out to be literal references to the decay of the society. These images of disease and corruption can be traced from the opening scene of the play to the end and Marcellus comment in the third scene points to the decayed state of affairs in the country something is rotten in the state of Denmark. (I IV 90 6678) All through his play, Shakespeare makes accustom of the imagery of disease, poison and decay and Marcellus statement indicates such imagery in the play. The playwright presents widespread corruption in the state of Denmark which is comparable to infectious diseases contaminating the entire hook and such setting of disease also amplifies the readers revulsion for the nasty events in the play. Just as disease leads one to death, the disease of the society leads the state of Denmark to a damned situation. In short, the dramatists use of images of disease and corruption helps the readers comprehend the emotional and moral decay and the bitter relations hips of the characters as well as the anxious, chaotic

Enhancing the Competitive Strategy Bank Muscat SAOG Assignment

Enhancing the Competitive Strategy Bank muskat SAOG - Assignment ExampleThis service should come hand in hand with liaising with other companies such(prenominal) as the utility companies to ensure that their bills can be paid through the rely for the customers in the bank. This will consequently increase the build of customers and besides increase the revenues collected since the customers will be transacting at a fee.The bank is looking at going global in point to make water the muscle and the ability to competitiveness off any sparing downturns that may face the orbit in the long-run. The markets in the country argon volatile meaning that the bank is located in an economy that may change making it unstable. stand-in the banks capital base and ensuring that the country cannot be worst hit by the economic or political downturns in the country can only be changed by increasing the number of branches outside the country (Bank Muscat, 2014). The bank therefore needs to assess the markets and spot the growing markets in order to establish branches in countries that have the best returns. The branches can be located in the neighboring countries such as Pakistan and India that are not too far away and in the process control the banking celestial sphere in the region through increasing their branches in the region further (Jeffreys, 2012). Targeting premier customer in the developed and developing countries such as Malaysia, China and Brazil where there is available markets for the service is also critical. The Bank should ensure that it does not back its assets in only a single area exactly back the assets through a stream of countries from all over the world and as a termination gain the required capital base from abroad that cannot be affected by the Oman economy (Claessens and Van, 2007). The country may also consider merging with banks in the different countries that they wish to invest and ensure that the banks have a good reputation in order to en sure that the citizens of the countries believe in the bank. This is

Purification and charcaterization of extracellular cysteine protease Article

Purification and charcaterization of extracellular cysteine protease inhibitor, ECPI2, from chlorella - Article ExampleFirst, they cultured a strain of Chlorella sp. 4533, separated the filtrate by centrifuge, and concentrated it through evaporation. After assaying the protease practise, they eluted the inhibitor and obtained two dynamic fractions, one of which was the primary research component, ECPI-2. The participating fractions of this were pooled, dialyzed and concentrated, and then the protein concentration and carbohydrate content were determined and measured.4. password of Figures and Tables. Table 1 is the purification summary for ECPI-2, providing comparison of progressively purified elements in terms of protein concentration, total and limited activity, and percentage yield from crude of each step in the purification process. This was performed to purify the inhibitor and demonstrate the change magnitude level of activity. The first step used a DEAE-cellulose column of 3.5x60 cm and quadrupled the specific activity. Next, after the active elements were pooled, dialyzed and concentrated, they were applied to a Sephadex S-300 column (2x130 cm) which increased specific activity by a factor of closely 5X. Finally, after another evaporator concentration, the inhibitor was applied to a 1x150 cm column of Butyl Toyopearl 650 M, again doubling the specific activity from crude to final, activity was increased by over 40X, giving the authors evidence of purity.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Marketing plan - Essay ExampleSince the customers go to pizza Restaurant for quality, changes in prices ar non that important to them. Therefore the price elasticity of demand is not important in this incident. Demand for the products and services would be influenced to the minimal extent by price. The alliance is fixed in a rich city where the customers are richer than the customers in other parts of the country. Therefore the well-nigh influential demand factors are lifestyles and cultural considerations (Kotler and Keller, 2006, p. 65). The demand would be more influenced by price if the customers came to the company to get lower prices. However they purchase the products and services because the products and services deliver quality of taste. 60% of the customers are from rich families who leave be more concerned about the quality. Therefore demand in this case will not be affected by price to any great extent. Answer to heading 2 The unique selling proposition is the qua lity of products and services. Therefore the recommended pricing strategy is premium pricing. This will ensure favorable perception among the customers (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 34). In this case, it is recommended that the management should contain high prices in order to maintain the brand reputation which is the source of its unique selling proposition.

Human relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human birth - Essay ExampleCollaboration should be viewed as an opportunity to build bridges rather than functional against one another. Trust and respect are vital to positive collaboration because these values remove each doubts or fears one side may have about the other. While collaboration fetchs well up between differing parties, it can also be highly successful within a single team. or else of discussing individual needs, a greater focus needs to be on the team as a whole. Flexibility is absolutely necessary to make this happen because it is usually not possible for everyone to get what they want, moreover that does not mean that they have to feel disappointed.One example of collaboration is when 2 departments need to work together on a construction plan for a new property. All of the wants and needs should be included in the plans, but if there are any conflicts then they should be resolved done collaboration. It may be that one department has to give something up but can also be accommodated in another area to make up for it.Teamwork occurs when a group of individuals are committed to achieving a goal or objective for the betterment of the team as a whole. Unlike collaboration, which often involves two conflicting parties, teamwork is much more suitable to a group environment where everyone is hopefully on the aforesaid(prenominal) page. One thing that makes teamwork distinctive is that each group member has a role and responsibility to hold out.One advantage of teamwork over individual work is that with groupthink it is possible to come up with more productive and complex solutions to problems. Teamwork requires each group member to buy-in to the ideals of the team and develop a common understanding. Rules and regulations do not need to be defined in a formal manner because each member should hump the boundaries. All successful teams have at least one person in a leaders role, whether that is well-defined or loose. Above all, the team lead er is expected to

PART 3 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PART 3 - Term piece of music ExampleIt is of significance to posit that for ethical considerations to be followed, health institutions are ought to create and implement withdraw strategies as well as rules and guidelines that will govern the daily activities of the health institution. This involves a heap of fiscal input and time to create. According to Post Blustein and Dubler (2007), ethics are considered costly. According to him, observing ethics in the workplace will involve a lot of time and effort, egotism, though clients are presented with a view to benefit from high quality of services. Individuals seeking treatment or health care services in Mount Sinai prefer it to a great extent due to high quality services as a great proportion of ethics is followed. The more the clients, the more the tax revenue generated by the hospital. This shows that total revenue generated by Mount Sinai Hospital is dependent on ethical considerations. To ensure that ethics are followed by all employees in the hospital, Mount Sinai conducts regular trainings to employees geared towards presenting them with basic knowledge on ethics. This involves a lot of money to plan though it is aimed towards empowering employees. As evidenced in otherwise health care institutions, patients medical checkup records in Mount Sinai are also digitalized. This requires the hospital to design security programs and conform to it. Designing an efficacious health related programs is in itself expensive and time consuming. Available sources put a lot of emphasis on the importance of ethical considerations in health care. A physician or any other medical practitioner is only allowed to share any information regarding the health of a patient with take to of the patient, or when required to do so by a court of law. Physician can be sued by the patient if s/he is proved to have made national any in the flesh(predicate) and medical information associated with the patient. In such a case, a hea lth institution may pull back a lot of money through lawyer fees. Where a patient requires to be compensated for the harm caused, a health institution would lose a lot of money in settling these cases. though such a case has been hardly heard of in Mount Sinai, maintaining plans of actions that prevents such occurrences from happening involves a lot of finances and time. If a health care institution is found guilty of breach of confidentiality or sharing a patients medical information with third explodeies, medical license may be cancelled (Ashcroft, Dawson and Draper, 2007). In a nutshell, creating and establishing plans of action that will ensure ethical and moral considerations indoors a health institution is very expensive in terms of money and time as I involves a lot of effort. Duty to report In the modern world, millions of throng have been affect by many chronic illnesses. Millions of people are living with the HIV virus. In other words, people are affected by a wide range of illnesses that necessitates medical attention. In the course of treatment, a physician or medical practitioner ought to treat any divulged information by the patient with achievement confidentiality. However, there are some cases where morally the medical practitioner is supposed to report the matter to authorities. This part of the paper describes an ethical dilemma associated with moral considerations in health care. For public health concerns, the government and the public health sector of a particular country is required to follow up on prevalence of diseases of public concern. For instance,

Stereo Electronic Effects in Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors Research Paper

Stereo Electronic Effects in Fuel Dehydrating Icing Inhibitors - Research Paper ExampleThe solubility of wet in most hydrocarbon chiliad furnishs a lot decreases by roughly 2 ppm v/v per 1C. In this regard, the dissolved peeing components of the potassium plane fuel may freeze to form tiny ice crystals and blocking fuel feeds, provoke corrosion as well as supporting microbial growth.A number of plane settle incidences attri anded to fuel starvation due to icing have been recorded. For example, during extended high latitude flights, fuel temperatures often fall to extremely low levels thereby causing the water components of the jet fuel to freeze. In most cases, the ice crystals thus formed may not only clog jet fuel filters but can also lodge into the fuel with potential implications such as engine malfunction or flameout (Repetto et al., 2013, p.556). However, there are currently a number of possibilities of effective elimination of the potential hazards associated with jet fuel water contamination.According to Trohalaki and Pachter (2009, p.79), although the application of organic molecules as potential dehydrating agent remains underutilized due to their difficult chemical refining requirements, a number of organic molecules with efficient dehydrating properties such as ortho esters, ketals, hemiketals, acetals, hemiacetals are more and more being seen as potential candidates for the development of novel and effective fuel dehydrating Icing Inhibitors (FDII). This research suggestion investigates the feasibility of using stereoelectronic effects of organic molecules such as ortho-esters in the management of both jet fuel water contamination as well as ice formation in jet engines during high altitude flights.Stereoelectronic effects play a critical role in the hydrolytic processes of the organic water scavenging molecules such as ortho esters (Chiang et al., 2003, p.58). According to many experts, orthoesters are organic molecules that contain a functional classify consisting of three alkoxy groups attached to one of the carbon atoms. Orthoesters generally work as water scavengers by acquire rapidly hydrolysed when in contact with the free water thereby acting as an ace inhibitor.

Final exam quesiton 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final testing quesiton 1 - Essay ExampleIndeed, the class accorded me the chance to learn more about the government policies on the American Indians. In addition, the learning methodology used that included lectures, essay writing, film, class wrangleions, and fieldtrips were fundamental in understanding the topics and improving interactions among the students and instructors. Indeed, I enjoyed the friendly and relevant modes used by the instructors to present the topics and the fact that students were at liberty to freely voice their opinions in the course of learning.Most importantly, the class availed a chance for the students to discuss controversial topics such as race and ethnicity that involve hard feelings and mixed emotions. Through these class discussions, we discussed these topics in a light mind and got the necessary understanding. Moreover, the reward on good attendance, the self-assessment survey, book reports, movie reviews, and different assessment procedures were very convenient and pleasant to this class. Hence, the class was informing, exciting, and worth

Novel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Novel - Essay ExampleThe expression Kingdom of Heaven (Albom 111), is employed as the indistinct reference for the after animateness and its state with no clear relevance to the biblical utilization of the word as a reference to the ideological rule of God over humankind. The implied message of Albom is that an assured afterlife exists, a just means to make amends, there is an eternal rationale in the minor actions, and that only lives intersect (Albom 48) echoes with the readers hungry for meaning, assurance and community.In the afterlife, Albom has masterfully woven the different scenes together of Eddies life experiences. Flashbacks to the mortal life of Eddie and a friend arranging his final affairs post death. He wakes up in the afterlife and learns that heaven is not what he thought a lush Garden of paradise, but rather the place where the earthly life is described to the dead by the five near important people for everyone. These people can be loved ones or strangers, the important aspect nearly all of them are that they have impacted the life of the dead and changed their

Technological issue in homeland security Case Study

Technological issue in homeland security - Case Study showcase consort to Vacca (2007), the mesh has led to vast transformations in the Homeland pledge. For many years, the mesh has been utilized to stir communication between terrorists. The terrorists are also utilizing the internet as a recruiting tool, and support of terrorist organizations it is through the internet that various terrorist organizations communicate and advise each other on the t cultivateics to theatrical role in fight their enemies. The internet has also enabled Homeland Security to get information in a cheap and at large(p) manner obtaining of information through the internet is easy since, at a single click, Homeland Security can have a lot of information. This has helped the Homeland Security to detect any threats to security and act promptly, thus eliminating issues of terrorism.Sharing of information from one individual to another over the globe has been necessitated through the physical exercise of the internet. Hence, the Homeland Security can access terrorism information over the globe through the use of the internet. This terrorist information is usually crucial in eliminating terrorist activities and improving security. On the side of Homeland security, the internet has been an subtle tool since it has assisted the department in identifying individuals who may be terrorists through the use of biometric technology (Alperen, 2011). According to biometric technology, every person possesses certain traits behavioral and physical, which identify people in a unique manner.The internet has made the revelation of operations done by the Homeland Security officials feasible. Through internet hacking or cyber crimes, the terrorists can access crucial information from the Homeland security website. Because of this problem, the Homeland Security has increased cyber lore through seeking Information Technology professionals to assist in tracking of the terrorist activities on the

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Financial Management - Essay ensampleThis paper will explore the different ways by which business entities can deal with the modify rate variations to protect the value of their assets and network against unpredictable risks.In recent years derivatives have been essential in order to provide some sort of insurance in the face of uncertainty caused by the changes in the foreign exchange rates. Derivative, or hybrid, investments, unlike stocks and bonds, do not represent ownership of shares, much(prenominal) as stocks, or a promise of loan repayment, such as bonds, and are once or twice removed from a real product. For example, a crude oil futures contract is a bet on which way crude oil prices will move, but what happens to the product itself is of no interest to the investorWhen an item-by-item converts one currency into another in an actual exchange, the risk inherent in this activity is called a transaction exposure. Multinationals often face translation exposure, or the ris k that arises from the need to re-state one currency in terms of another currency for accounting purposes. The risk arises because exchange risk volatility can restore the value of net assets and profits at the time of their translation. (See Kolb 1997).Financial derivatives are based on an key instrument such interest as debt instruments or foreign currencies. Most predominant among these derivatives are forth contracts, but futures contracts, option contracts, and swap contracts are also used by businesses as means of hedging. hedge is distinguished from speculation in that the hedger wants to shift risk to others while the speculator hopes to make profits for the risk he is taking.A futures contract is an agreement that one party will accept pitch of a particular asset either real or financial on some time in the future at a price determined today. If one is intending to buy an asset in the future, one could buy a futures contract (a long position) today to fix the

Freedom of Religion in the Bill of Rights Research Paper

Freedom of Religion in the crown of Rights - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, the Establishment clause of the First Amendment prevents the government from making laws that establish all religion as the state religion. This clause ensures the secular nature of the US character.The First Amendment to the US Constitution deals with religious freedom. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise hence or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the authorities for a redress of grievances...Amendment 1 (The United States Constitution, 2009).The First Amendment also provides the right of Freedom of expression. These rights cannot be interfered with by the government. Freedom of expression includes the rights of Freedom of speech, press, and assembly. It also includes the freedom to petition the government for a redressal of a grievance. The supreme Court a nd the lower courts have interpreted the definition of the freedoms provided by the First Amendment to the Constitution, through their case law. These freedoms and rights kick in to all the people who live in the US, and not just its citizens (Citizen Rights).The Establishment Clause precludes the government from enacting rule that accords any religion the status of the state religion. It also prohibits the government from treating any religion with greater appreciation than the other religions. This clause has been interpreted by the courts to engender separation of Church and State. The Free Exercise Clause restricts the government from interfering with any individuals religious practices. All the same, civil and federal laws ar permitted to restrict religious acts and ceremonies, wherever warranted (Citizen Rights).

Is the U.S. government doing enough to make the american worker Essay

Is the U.S. government doing abundant to arrange the american do worker competitive - Essay ExampleThe question is if America is doing enough to make its workers competitive? This literature will explore the capability of the human capital of the United States and to ascertain if governments control provided measures to make its labor capital competitive with the global market. It will also delve if its inevitable to impose more tariffs to goods that cannot be competitively made in America. US Economy President Barack Obama fancied his political seat vowing sparing reform and redistribution of wealth. Officials and constituents rigorously discussed the imperative of budget cuts, refocused on social operate and in raising capital for investment to generate employment opportunities and for economic bilateral relations with uphill markets. This strategy was essential as home needed to be cared by administrators too after wretched debilitating economic setbacks due to offshore c onflict situations and anti-terror drive (Nixon, 2011). True enough, taxation was levied for those within the self-feeder class of American society, e.g. luxury tax for jet and boat owners and financial analysts restudied how income taxes could add more for interior(a) revenue. Obama thereafter made a pronouncement to unleash American business ingenuity and improve its productivity to maximize the American economic dynamism by extolling 70 trade agreements sealed for 12 US states. ... The trade deal hopes to provide manufacturing job opportunities to 235,000 American citizens for agriculture development, gasification, railway construction and production of loan-blend buses. Obama also opened business deals in South Korea that will help auger 70,000 American jobs and of the removal of 95% tariffs between this nations, albeit opposition of AFL-CIO, a labor federation, arguing that free trade and removal of tariffs is unprotective of US workers. This measure to improve US macro-eco nomic relations was a positive response after an economic recession that has affected major industries of the country which cost the outrage of $13 trillion in 2007 and loss of 208,000 jobs in the trucking industry (US Department of Labor, 2010). Both small and big firms were hit with similar net profit job losses (US Department of Labor, 2010). In another development, last February 2011, the US government closed doors for H-1B work visas, a 3-year employer sponsored visa for highly skilled foreign worker, following Immigration Services announcement that statutory cap of 85,000. While the agency protects the interest of the country from being burdened of increasing populace of immigrants, this was besides criticized by some economist as a policy which discouraged entry of foreign investors e.g. Microsoft opted to utilize European market because it can allow to hiring of highly skilled employees from foreign countries (Nowrasteh, 2011). Nowrasteh (2011) proposed government to rev iew and see this opportunity since companies like Intel, Sanmina-SCI, Sun Microsystems, eBay, Yahoo and Google with high-skilled foreign workers made America a leader in

The Financial Planning and Strategies of Firms within the Hotel Essay

The Financial Planning and Strategies of Firms indoors the Hotel Industry in the U.S - Essay ExampleThe report focus on the forecasts that the industry makes as strategies of growth. This also touched on the telephone line trends exhibited within the sector. The report integrate the trends comparison with the other industries business trends over the past years. Analysis of industrial forecast and a business trend has acted as a measure of market competition among the firms within the ball-shaped economics. Other digest within the report included industrial financial scenario. In this depth psychology, the report undertakes to shed light on the financial management state of the firms and or companies within the hotel industry. From the analysis, it would be possible to provide an overview of the likely place setting of the industry in the face of scorching global financial recession. Finally, the report gives a broad analysis of the pricing system of the industrys products and services. Here the analysis included the pricing policies, considerations, and standards. Like both other research report, this report of the research conducted on the operational context of the hotel industry seeks to bring to the noesis of the policy and decision makers in the hospitality sector, the operational reality on the grounds for allied companies and or firms within the industry. The insights from this report seek to provide a platform for informing decision and policy-making within the hospitality industry with special focus on the hotel and hoteliers in the U.S. It shall also serve to assist as a point reference for planners in the hospitality sector who focus on the strategic intend for the hotels. Planners in the hotel industry, therefore, shall feel enlightened in their endeavors amid likelihood of stiff competition with other industries in the global market.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Management - Essay standardMergers of existing power player like Vodafone and Hochstein also made the situation more vulnerable for entrants, thus making them mighty and unbeatable. For better hold on coverage, working in collaboration with government is exceedingly beneficial for entrants (ZDNet Australia).Due to substantial growth in the industry over a decade, industry has reached a level of saturation. Therefore, there is a considerable decline in prices and rise in number of buyers. They include kids from 12 years of age to adults 0f 60 years. Buyers are driving force for providers in order to persist in them loyal Miller Ltd. needs to provide and edge in price for competitive advantage. busy supporter industry in Australia is multiple sectors. In a flourishing industry like Australian telecommunication, monopoly enkindlet survive is todays market. Market is diverse which include manufacturing of hardware, carriage service providers (CSPs), study service providers and re tailers.The report by Economic access and ATMA briefly describe the market. Ericsson Australia, Nokia Siemens and Alcatel-Lucent are theme provider in hardware sector. Nokia, Samsung, LG, i-Mate have market in consumer goods. CSPs provide services by utilizing mail carrier network infrastructure and have different levels mobile telecommunication carriers in Australia are Telstra, Vodafone, Optus, and Hutchisons 3 and Orange. Resellers services include Primus Mobile, AAPT, Virgin mobile, B Digital, DigiPlus, Sim Plus, People TelecomM8 Telecom and Dodo Mobile. MVNOs or Mobile practical(prenominal) Network Operators are basically wholesalers and provide value adding services.B Digital, Revolution, People telecom Primus Telecom and Boost Mobile are a few to name. Content service providers, aggregators and program developers are other dimensions of service providers legion(predicate) Interactive, Touch and Infospace are main content aggregators. CSPs have their own retailers like Hut chisons 3 save other

Balance Sheets for the four quarters Essay Example for Free

Balance Sheets for the four quarters EssayTo evaluate how I utilized both(prenominal) figures and pro-formas to ensure the adequacy of funds for providing performance expertness that was involve to achieve the businesses goals. I want to graduation exercise start with the definition of both pro-forma and budget A budget is a staple fibre idea that covers more than a few commonwealths, all in all its a financial excogitate that is made to control be for operations and results. It can be expressed in a hoi polloi of numerical lines, it also can cover a certain period of time, short, intermediate and long term goals. A pro-forma is also a financial statement but it is prep atomic number 18d based upon assumptions of specific events and transactions that will hopefully occur in the Future, so basically a projected estimate victimization historical data to form a hypothesis of A financial outcome. The importance of both the pro-forma and budget were huge.Knowing red in k into the simulation how much seed m bingley was going to be issued and how much superfluous money was coming in future investments, gave me an idea of how aggressive or conservative I could be. I was able to to set with an initial idea of how much I could spend for each factor needed moving forward. I was able to understand how much to market, how much to hire and how much I could permit for each of these tasks, as fountainhead as how much was coming into pay for future merchandising and hires.Without denote there argon no customers, without a good gross revenue and service staff there are no sales, or an ability to take care of the customer. In the opening quarter of the company I had a 2 million dollar start-up fund. My upfront expenses were approximately $530,000. I also chose to invest in a 3 month CD about $880,000, I made sure in my first endeavor to keep money available and not to over indulge. I took similar approaches going into each excess quarter thereafter I would analyze what was spent and estimate what was coming in and at that maculation I would hire more employees, adjust and raise benefits and increase marketing.My sales force and marketing expenses multiply from quarter two to quarter 3 and rose another 49 percent from quarter three to quarter four. These two factors in my opinion are the biggest of a profitable company, as sales and marketing grow and increase your company will thrive. At the end of each quarter I would review the results in these areas and make assessments on how much additional advertising I needed based upon sales numbers of the individual computers Mercedes and the Traveler. Based upon outturn and the competition I would review to see if I was going to increase the sales force and the compensation plan. The overall outcome of both areas had my company in NWL as the top employers at 83 out of a level best 84 Score also in regards to marketing effectiveness in NWL my company had a 92 out of a 97 maximum Score th ats how I used the budget and pro-forma to help NWL achieve its goals.B.2.To evaluate how I employed notwithstanding In Time or JIT and lean Operations to mitigate operating efficiency in my manufacturing facility, once again as part of moving forward I want to define these two strategies before I explain how I use them. A) Just In Time or JIT is a production strategies to improve a business return on investment ROI by reducing in-process inventory as well as the associated carrying cost. This is done by only receiving goods as they are needed in the overall process, this helps bowdlerise overall inventory costs. B) Lean Operations simply supplies a customer with exactly what the customer inescapably when and only when the customer wants it without waste with this constant improvement, the emphasis and focus is on understanding the customer. Both JIT and Lean Operations can help with the overall increase of return on investment or ROI. In regards to how my simulation for NWL w orked with these strategies, I would say in NWL ran overly Lean to a fault.I ran my operation capacity at 65 and my fixed capacity at 75 which was the second lowest of my competitors on both accounts. This was a huge negative for my company since it cost me over 2100 in befogged sales. This would have change magnitude my sales by approximately 33 percent which would have lowered the overall production costs and increase profits. I finished number 2 in sales with thehighest average price of computer. With a 33 percent increase in sales had I exam a better production operation I would have had a lager profitability for a already profitable simulation. I did not key into the right places when I reviewed the early production numbers which cost me when it came to changing operate and Fixed Capacities. I was overly cautious and my end result was indicative of this and caused big loses for NWL.B.3.Work Cells vs traditionalistic Straight limn Production. A Work Cell is defined to be a arrangement of machines and personnel that focuses on making a single product or family related products. Traditional Straight Line Production Is the standard assembly line style of manufacturing. Work may start in one department until that phase is complete. Then the product moves onto the next department for the next phase and the next and so on. The major difference between the two is efficiency and cost differentials.In a work stall method there are a multitude of benefits, from a reduction in work area needed, speed of production completion and number of associates needed just to name a few. All of which are in line with the thought process of JIT and Lean Operations which in turn increases ROI (return on investment). fin distinct advantages in the work cell vs the assembly line (1)Tasks are grouped, therefore inspections can be immediate. (2)Fewer workers are needed because of cross training. (3)The workers can access more of the work area. (4)Work areas are more expeditio usly balanced.(5)Enhanced communication based upon the shape of the work cell. These advantages can help lead to fewer employees reaching higher(prenominal) production numbers. Which in the simulation could have led to smaller start-up companies making more cost competent production goals happen along with how well a micro computer company could make a work cell arrangement payoff positively.B.4.Evaluation of decisions involving inventory management in the Marketplace subterfuge Inventory is defined as raw corporeals, work-in-progress goods and completely finished goods that are considered to be the portion of the businesses assets that are ready or will be ready for sale. Inventory represents one of the almost important assets that most companies possess, because the turnover of inventory represents one of the primary sources of revenue generation and subsequent earnings for the company. In the marketplace simulation NWL was not very successful at inventory management in the a ttempt to run Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean Operations, I ended up with sold out product and a enormous liberation in sales.The lost sales totaled 50 percent of the total sales, which meant there could have been an additional 33 percent positive sales increase if the inventory was managed properly. These were losses of 1000 Travelers units and 1103 Mercedes units, those totals losses of $3,312,730 in gross profit. That was based upon the final sales and not taking into account any production savings by the increased sales volume. That could have increased gross profit by a negligible of 47 percent, if I had it to do over again paying more attention to the inventories would have been a possible windfall.B.5.A continuous improvement program that could have been used to improve and achieve spirit assurance goals could have been either Employee Empowerment or Bench-marking. Employee Empowerment involves employees in every step of the production process. Employees are on the front lines and know what is going on in every aspect and on all fronts. If employees find problems they can fix them or help fix them. Whom better in discourse an issue then the ones most familiar with the process, if a shortcoming is found an experienced a midweekly quality circle can address it. Its been proven that most quality issues are either material or the process, its not usually the employees performance.If a Bench-marking program were to be implemented, the first step would be to constituted what the benchmark would be. Examples of which are Percentage of Defects, Cost per unit processing time, Lost sales due to Out-of-Stocks and node Satisfaction Rates. If these type of factors were used in my situation, I would have used either Lost sales due to Out-of-Stocks or Customer Satisfaction Rates. mainly because I would have found out maybe a better way of keeping product in stock which could have reduced lost sales as well as a negative customer satisfaction due to no product. The benchmark team can find out what and how benchmark partners were doing to achieve their sales goals by trailing and keeping product stock, whereas to assure customer satisfaction. Then we could analyze thedata from the partners and take the appropriate travel to move beyond and keep the process continually improving.C. SourcesInvestopedia (2013) A Division of ValueClick www.investopedia.com

Health Risks of Genetically-Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

health Risks of Genetically-Modified Foods EssayGenetically modified (GM) foods, introduced to the American Public in 1996, involves taking the genes of the DNA of one embed or animal and transferring them to another species creating a new organism. Justification for this scientific manipulation revealed promises to eliminate public hunger, make plants resistant to pests and disease, and produce healthier foods. Agribusiness giants, like Monsanto, Bayer, and Syngenta include some of the companies first to work out products to the market.The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) took the stance, that it is the food producer responsible for assuring food safety devicety. Companies producing GM foods at last regulate themselves. These companies kept their research secret and not available for public scrutiny. Insufficient data dilate the need for ongoing exploration by independent scientists to deem the products safe for human consumption. Jeffrey M. Smith discussed these issues in his book, Genetic Roulette The Documented Health Risks of Geneically Engineered Foods. GM of certain crops cause them to produce their knowledge insecticide.A research study not performed by the manufacturer, involved GM potatoes cater to rats. They developed potentially precancerous cell growth in the digestive tract, inhibited development of their brains, livers, and testicles, partial atrophy of the liver, enlarged pancreases and intestines, and resistive system damage (Smith 22). Additional information is warranted clarifying the exact cause. Another study revealed Monsantos MON 863 Bt corn fed to rats produced significant changes in their blood cells, livers, and kidneys which might indicate disease (Smith 26).Monsanto defends their GM corn as safe and deems it unnecessary to pursue further testing. No research conducted to date and the corn gained approval. Government and big industries pass with the development, endorsement and marketing of GM foods despite the potent ial health warnings. Study after study cited in Genetic Roulette by Jeffrey M. Smith , reveal health problems from every body system and until now death. One investigations proved given a choice, animals would not eat GM foods. Rats that would not eat the GM tomatoes were force fed the tomato through a gastric tube.Several developed stomach lesions and vii of the forty died. The GM of the DNA of species results in widespread mutations. Soy allergies skyrocketed after the introduction of GM soy. oer half of the processed foods in the supermarket contain something made from soy. GM peas generated an allergic-inflammatory response. With some of the GM crops that produce their own insecticide, the fear of creating super weeds exists. The United States and Canada do not have GM labeling requirements (Smith 257).Exposing millions of people to atypical dangers of GM foods represents playing roulette. The connections between the FDA and large agribusiness corporations are disturbing (Tei tel, Wilson 69). Large contributors to the Democratic and republican parties include Monsanto and others. These companies employ trade and environmental administrators and government appointees in lucrative positions.

Reality Shows Should Be Banned Essay Example for Free

Reality Shows Should Be Banned EssayThe main essence of realness shows is to put ordinary good deal in a social confined setting with extraordinary environment and activities with the aim of entertaining audiences with the illusion that what is going on is not scripted nor rehearsed. Most reality shows attempt to convince the audience that the participants of the show are be pushed to their physical, emotional or physiological limits in order to complete a specific task or attain a certain goal of which audience cheer on their favorite participant. With the change in times and technology most reality shows have g superstar over board and have disregarded the basic concept of reality shows and are now focusing more on entertainment than reality that has lead to ontogeny in sexual exposure, humiliation and immorality. Reality shows have illogical their way from au pasttic series like survivor to the new mediocre series of two celebrities living in a farm yard for a week.Rea lity TV has joined the ranks of day time entertainment and has lost the spark of spontaneous originality from otherwise forms of scripted entertainment. Additionally, the most famous reality shows domainwide are grownup brother and Idols these two are examples of scripted and well rehearsed reality shows. In the just concluded case of idols a judge was dared to sing out of the blue and it so happened just by coincidence that the closed chain started playing a song which the judge joined in emphatically without hesitation. The crowed cheered and applauded for the unexpected performance by the judge. Such reality T.V. shows give viewers and more so children false hope of a blithely ever after reality were heroes and heroines live thus insulting the intelligence of the viewers.In the case of heavy(a) brother viewers are subjected to sex as a form of entertainment. Relationships formed in the ample brother house give the participant a better chance of derivening the competition and join on his/her ratings thus the audience spends time and money voting for the participant so they clear enjoy seeing the participants relationship grow. And due to the full disclosure nature of the show all activities are broadcasted and shown live on our T.V. sets exposing and encouraging our youths, young adults and children to sex, immorality and promiscuous behaviors. Furthermore, the common comic saying its unmatched until both(prenominal)one gets hurt, then its hilarious comes to lifespan in most reality shows. Producers of reality shows capitalizeon the demise and misfortunes of participants. When a contestant falls down or gets hurt in anyway it is taken as a form of entertainment or comedy not knowing the humiliation and psychological trauma they print in the participant.Examples of such(prenominal) shows are show me the funny Real T.V. and Fear factor. Show me the funny capitalizes on bloopers of home made videos which show family member having accidents such as hitting each other creation bitten by a snake or having a ball hit them on their faces. turn of events such perilous or even fatal accidents to o form of humor encourages children to view force play and accidents as vivacious events and not the precarious activities they are. Producers also capitalize on the eviction or the softness of a participant to complete a certain assignment. The humiliation and reaction of a participant being evicted or accepting defeat is a high point of most reality T.V. which is morally and ethically wrong. The failure of a fellow human being should be frowned upon and not celebrated.2) Here are bunch of reality shows which are being shown on television channels world wide, in which one can see jalopys of aspirants taking to the stunts and heroic acts as they extremity to win the coveted title and they did some shots which amaze the audiances and keep them on their tender nooks, its also done to increase the rating of the channel in the tele sho ws. There are plenty of reality shows which are being shown on television channels world wide, in which one can see lots of aspirants taking to the stunts and heroic acts as they want to win the coveted title and they did some shots which amaze the audiences and keep them on their tender nooks, its also done to increase the rating of the channel in the tele shows. I am not sure if they are there in your part of the world, channels like Sony and Zee TV they show lot of enthusiasm in such things.The weird things they shown on the small screen are hair raising and put a lot of questions in viewers minds as to such things can be accomplished in real life or not. But the stunt mania grips the minds of innocent public and kids alike. They all want feats and also want to show off to their genre of friends and foes. In the process they might hurt themselves badly. Although there are several(prenominal) reports of teen-aged children being hurt in the process of macho man image building but t o no avail as the generation is fast and furious, they just want their way and life to be go away to them. I am not sure about consequences and impactthey could have but it is for sure, every one wants his part of fame and attention in public, for we are mortal beings and success is our ambition in life.Effect on teenagersSocial cognitive theory suggests that meaningful sources of identity can be discovered by people in their teens who feel connected to what theyre viewing. Thus, when attempting to understand medias role in the development of teenagers, it is decisive to be aware of the time they devote to their shows like reality television due to this strong influence48 the Statess Next Top Model is often criticized for its portrayal of women and poor body image. When face with the image of a thin, beautiful, successful models, young girls may feel inferior, leading to low self-esteem and eat disorders. Likewise, Jersey Shore is denounced for its representation of being a sing le, young adult. Young people idolise the shows cast, making them susceptible to imitate their actions, such as promiscuity, violence, and binge drinking.citation needed

Pakistan Energy Outlook Essay Example for Free

Pakistan push Outlook EssayPrimary ability consumption in Pakistan has grown by almost 80% over the past 15 years, from 34 million tons oil equivalent (TOEs) in 1994/95 to 61 million TOEs in 2009/10 and has supported an average GDP growth appreciate in the country of about 4.5% per annum. However since 2006/07 energy supply has been unable to meet the countrys require leading to shortages. Meanwhile per capita energy consumption in Pakistan at under 0.5 TOEs/capita remains only third base of world average.Indigenous intrinsic bollix is the largest source of energy supply in Pakistan contributing 27. 7 million TOEs (45.4%) in 2009/10, fol embarrasseded by oil products, mainly imports, at 21.3 million TOEs (34.9%), hydel power at 7.5 million TOEs (12.3%), coal, mainly imports, at 3.7 million TOEs (6.1%) and nuclear power at 0.8 million TOEs (1.3%). Consumption of indigenous natural gas has grown rapidly in all arenas of the economy (residential, commercial, industrial, tra nsport and power) over the past 15 years, driven by growing availability of gas and a low, government-controlled gas price as compared with stick out fuel prices. As a result, Pakistan has set outed a vast natural gas transmission and dispersal network across the country.However Pakistans indigenous natural gas reserves are declining and a low gas price has become a significant disincentive in attracting new gas supplies, either through increased domestic exploration activities or via imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) or regional gas pipeline imports. If current gas policies persist, Pakistans natural gas supply is evaluate to decline from 4 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) in 2010/11 to less than 1 bcfd by 2025/26. This allow for lead to a growing gas/energy shortfall reaching 8 bcfd (over 50 million TOEs) by 2025/26 and will depress Pakistans average GDP growth rate over the next 15 years.It is also unlikely that Pakistan will be able to substantially develop its other indigenous energy sources of hydel power and coal by 2025/26 under current policies, and the energy import requirements of the country may grow from the present 30% to over 75% of the energy alloy by 2025/26 costing over $ 50 billion per annum in foreign exchange.The government-controlled power sector in Pakistan, one of the largest consumers of primary energy, is facing growing problems due to an unrealistic power tariff, high inefficiencies, low payment recovery and the inability of the government to manage its subsidies mechanism. This has led to a serious circular debt stretch forth which is becoming a barrier for future energy sector investments.This Pakistan Energy Outlook document identifies a set of energy Blueprints which, if implemented, could allow the energy sector in Pakistan to thrive and grow and become the engine for the social and economic development of the country, allowing accelerated GDP growth rates. As with all reform processes, the Blueprints will require significant political will to execute and it is hoped that the present and succeeding governments in Pakistan will rotate to the occasion.

Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

huckabackleberry Finn EssayIn the booster dose huckabackleberry Finn as he is depicted by Mark Twain, Emersons idea of the American learner is epitomized. The hobby essay will present the points of Mark Twain as an American scholar through the portion huckleberry Finn it is through huckabackleberry Finn that Emersons ideas of nature, books and action become realized and this essay will bring to the forefront of its occupation these facts among gayy other ideas of Emersons American scholar be epitomized in Twains consultation Huck. Huckleberry Finn is a character whose main purpose seems almost like a young tale of the Iliad in which fate seems to simply happen to Huck Finn. The events leading up to his stay with the widow Douglas he accounts are no fault of his admit, as the metaphor of the story is institute with the great Mississippi River so does Huck Finns life simply flow along until he makes a conscious choice. This choice comes into universe when Huck decid es that sivilised life is non for him.In the rejection of civilized life Twain is brining in elements of Emersons ideals Huck Finn is a very simplistic character and his thwarting of Widow Douglas best attempts of making him presentable to nightspot become the correlation of Emersons American scholar. The American scholar according to Emerson is best found in nature since it is with nature that man learns how the world works in the trees, and in the roots. This classification allows a man to simplify his life life is easier with just nature and without civilization.Thus, it may be surmised that Hucks d tallying off of nature is Twains own sen epochnt on the subject of culture and the evilness of society. In Huckleberry Finns disappearance from civilized life, after his father kidnaps him and Huck fakes his own death, the voice of Emerson is best found with Jim the slave. Jim gives advice to Huckleberry Finn about the disappointments found in the world and how a man may be able to accost himself by making conscious choices.In the litany of Emerson, this concept is to a fault found by way of Emerson stating that a scholar moldiness gather for himself the appropriate information from varied books in order to find an organised opinion about a subject and to take a side of each books opinion in order to find himself. Jim states similarly to Finn that he should experience what life has to offer and decide for himself the difference surrounded by right and wrong, morality and immoral nature.Thus, the point of going down the Mississippi is to gain as practically knowledge and experience as possible in order to later filter opinion from fact, singles own thoughts from societys mores. It is in the creation of mans own thoughts, of Finn deciding throughout the journey that no man should be a slave that Huckleberry Finn becomes a man, becomes an American scholar since he is finally thinking for himself. He rejects Widow Douglas, his father, society in whole and tr avels with Jim collecting his own thoughts and deciding what is wrong and what is right in the nature of man.In a subtler note, Emerson states that the American scholar must take action and in this capacity Mark Twain does not falter with his protagonist Huckleberry Finn. Hucks action consists in the part of the story where the Dauphin capture Jim and subsequently sells him in order to have the reward. Huck is completely outraged by this betrayal and in the course of the story this signifies the first time that he acts upon his own judgment and he rejects the advice of his conscience which tells him that by helping Jim escape to freedom he is in a way stealing Miss Watsons property.Huck tells himself, All right, then, Ill go to hell (Twain), Huck resolves to free Jim. Emersons concept of the American scholar persists with this idea of action Emerson states that the scholar must fill every moment of every day with action. The scholar should accordingly work different jobs in order to become fluent in a myriad of vocations. The scholar must also be a poylglot in order to express himself with different thoughts.In the language of the text Huck Finn speaks a very succinct colloquial language as well as proper grammar at times. Thus, he is fulfilling Emersons concepts. Finns epiphany while traveling and having conversations with Jim is such that he discovers man is his own prevail in discovering that Jim has to hide in order to be free and comparing that with Finns own conceal in order not be kidnapped he relates himself to Jim.The discovery upon the river is as Emerson highlights, And, finally, is not the true scholar the only true master? But the old oracle said, All things have two handles beware of the wrong one. In life, too often, the scholar errs with mankind and forfeits his privilege. Let us see him in his school, and flip over him in reference to the main influences he receives (Emerson). Thus, Finn epitomizes Emersons view of the American scholar through not only his thoughts but also his behaviors and his actions.

The Emotions Explored in the Poems Essay Example for Free

The Emotions Explored in the Poems EssayWhat Emotions does Tennyson explore in the poems Mariana and In the vale of Cauteretz and what methods does he use to convey a range of emotions gistively? Tennyson explores many emotions through out(a) Marianna, In the valley of Cauteretz which take hold been reflected from his deportment. Born to a large family of 12, Alfred Tennyson had many fears and worries in his life. Some of these worries included money delinquent to the fact that Aunt Elizabeth Russell and Uncle Charles Tennyson had a great deal of wealth than that of his own family. Tennyson also had a long fear of developing a mental illness as several of the men in his family had a mild form of epilepsy. In those days it was thought to be a shameful disease which was make worse by the fact that his father was an alcoholic. His fathers condition worsened and he became paranoid, abusive, and violent. Marianna is a poem to the highest degree Marianna, a woman who has been waiting for her true love and has become more and more desperate in an old lonely grange with a moat. Tennyson uses a range of techniques to portray Mariannas emotions.The idea of loneliness and brokenheartedness is highlighted with the use of pathetic fallacy and nature after the flitting of the bats when the thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson stresses her hopelessness at the last four lines of each stanza which recurs but with slight modifications She only verbalise, my life is dreary, He cometh not, she utter She said, I am aweary, aweary, I would that I were dead It is almost a decease wish which behind she believes. In In the valley of Cauteretz it is clear that grief, sorrow and loneliness are recurring themes in Tennysons work.Right from the beginning of this short poem the effect the commentator gets is that he is writing about a metre in his life from experience and he is trying to go back to when he was happiest. I walked with one I loved two and thirty ye ars ago. All along the valley, while I walked like a shot. Tennyson tries to hide the bad times and think about the positive the voice of the dead was a living voice to me showing that even though someone is dead, to him he is still alive. Tennyson had a wizard called Arthur Hallam who died at a very young age hich was a great shock, because of this he presented the preciousness of young in his poems by creating images which stress youthful joy. In the valley of Cauteretz describes an experience on revisiting a valley in the Pyrenees, years after he had been there with his now dead friend. This valley appears to shoe the reader a great psychological significance. As Tennyson describes himself travelling the valley, there are unalike elements which are triggered and craftsman to create a lasting sense of how his friends death still affects himself decades later.Tennyson uses a range of different poetic techniques to convey all these emotions effectively. Some may think that the u se of repetition highlights the desperation and sadness of the characters he writes about in his poems however the dactylic, experimental rhythm in my opinion helps make sentences stand out and in in the valley of Cauteretz makes him want to portray his friend as different and that they didnt have just an ordinary friendship but a very string bond.Tennyson makes it clear to the reader that the valley was a place he had been before and had many memories from that place and he goes back in time using language making it seem as though the past has come alive i walked with one I loves two and thirty years ago. All along the valley, while i walked today two and thirty years were a mist that rolls away. Tennyson also used rhyming couplets which add effect of time passing by and to show that nothing has changed.In Mariana Tennyson also uses some of these techniques but for different reasons. He uses nature and sounds to show that there was nothing there, no feeling, no life. The mood of Ma rianna does contrast to that of In the Valley of Cauteretz however the themes throughout both are the same and based on Tennysons life experiences. Marianna is a poem about a woman in a daydream that she will be rescued by her love and swept away from this forlorn, dreary place.It is clear that in the final stanza Marianna has in the end accepted that she will not be rescued by her true love and her final death wish is flooded with sadness The sparrows chirrup on the roof, The slow clock ticking and the sound, Which to the wooing odorize aloof, The poplar made, did all confound, Her sense but most she loathed the hour, When the thick-moted sunbeam lay, Athwart the chambers, and the day, Was sloping toward his western bower.Then, said she, I am very dreary, He will not come, she said she wept, I am aweary, aweary, Oh God, that I were dead In conclusion Tennyson explored many emotions linked to grief, sadness and loneliness effectively with the use of kindle language, repetition a nd metaphors referring to all the good times with his friend. Word Count 886

Politics and Hierarchy in Shakespeares As You like It Essay Example for Free

government activity and Hierarchy in Shakespeares As You like It EssayIn William Shakespeares dramatic play, As you Like It, at that fanny are lots of arouse themes which both drive the action and speak to the culture that the author lived in. Among those interesting themes are the classic Shakespearean ideal of love, issues dealing with family relationships, and perhaps more authorizedly, governance and hierarchy. In this comedy, the duality amidst sure characters becomes evident early on and continues for the entirety of the work.Over time, the reader comes to understand that some of the decisions make by Orlando and Oliver in their infringe are due to the perceived hierarchy of the society and the politics that would result from the decisions. In addition, the relationship between Duke Frederick and Duke aged(a) is ane that explores lots of hierarchical themes associated with living in England at the time. These pertinent examples and more are explored in a ligh t, intellectual way throughout the play. political relation and hierarchy are primarily relevant when one considers the relationships between the versatile characters. virtuoso essential mend aspect is the relationship between Orlando and Oliver. Orlando is a victim of circumstance and he is fully aware of his plight. In a way, he is a sympathetic character that has no recourse in trying to agnize his situation better.In his relationship with his older brother, Orlando is constantly under emotional torment from Oliver. Their conflict is at the heart of the story and it is an important theme throughout. Where does this conflict come from? Ultimately, it is the result of a decision that was made by the sire of the deuce boys. Oliver received the inheritance from the father and took advantage of the land in his fathers estate. From that, there exists a hierarchical battle between the two brothers for the rest of their life. The stark demarcation in the hierarchy is best represent ed by these two brothers because the example is so pure. Oliver is different from Orlando not scarcely because he owns the estate, but also because he has other advantages that direct him above Orlando in friendly status. During the comedy, there are legion(predicate) times when Orlando can be found telling his servant offer that Oliver refuses to educate him and provide anything for him. Though the reader does not know much about the relationship of the brothers earlier their father died, one can reasonably infer that they had a decent relationship. Once Oliver elevated himself to a greater status in the hierarchy, he not only abandoned Orlando, but charge took the green light to make his brothers life harder.This even comes to a violent head when the two brothers read in a fight when Oliver comes to see Orlando. Orlando gets the better of that conflict and makes sure that Oliver understands that. Since this is a comedy, Shakespeare makes sure that the conflict between the brothers is presented in a sarcastic nature that the readers can enjoy. Clearly, Orlando makes light of his own plight and even makes a comment about his relatively low status in comparison to his brother. In the play, Orlando remarks to Oliver, I am helping you to mar that which God made, a poor, unworthy brother of yours, with idleness (Shakespeare). This sarcasm is put into the play to provide a light moment, but it also represents the fact that Oliver looks upon his brother as existence something of a joke. in that respect is another hierarchical aspect of their relationship that must be considered. During that time, there was a huge gap in education for the wealthy and the poor. As such, those with money could go to the few schools that existed, plot hoi polloi without money had to learn skills in order to survive. From this, a certain perception began to exist that colourise uneducated people as being somewhat barbaric. This interesting dichotomy is presented well by Sha kespeare, as he attempts to inform the reader that Orlando is both a better fighter and a more vindictive person, while his brother Oliver was much more cultured. This was one of the many ways that people were separated by class during that time. It was all based upon money, wealth, and power, but other things came as a result of that. As only Orlandos brother, Oliver should comport never interpreted a role of sovereignty over him. Instead, their relationship should confine still existed like a normal one during that time. However, William Shakespeare uses the relationship between the two brothers in this play as a means of displaying his own political thoughts during the time. A Paul Yachnin article published in the HighBeam Encyclopedia indicates the fact that Shakespeare did this in many of his plays.In that article, Yachnin writes, In the play, the political and companionable relations between masters and their subjects places loyalty at the center of the system of relation s devoted to instituting a regime of absolutist politics (Yachnin). The loyalty between the brothers is at the center of their conflict, as Orlando feels that his brother has not been loyal to him because of social status. On the flip side of that, Oliver feels that Orlando should look up to him as something of a master, when in fact, they are retributory brothers. This is an interest dichotomy between the two characters that plays itself out in a series of fights, both visible and verbal. In addition to the aforementioned hierarchy in Shakespeares play, politics also play a huge role in driving the action. Though politics are not a study player in the relationship between Orlando and Oliver, they do power the relationship between Duke Frederick and Duke elderly. In fact, this is one of the primary plot sequences that is very important to the storyline. Duke Frederick oversteps his bounds in this comedy, as he is not speculate to move to the top of the political latter over hi s brother.In position society at the time, people were locked into their roles in society. This was true even among the rich people. Though they were clearly above poor people in society, they had to worry about staying put in their position in the upper crust of the political scene. When Duke Frederick supplants Duke Senior in the political scene, a huge conflict is born. Interestingly, Shakespeare finds a creative way to intertwine the two separate stories, drawing connections between the social roles of the various characters in the story. administration play a unassailable role in the plight of the two dukes because they cause Duke Senior to have to live somewhere else. When Duke Frederick takes the place of his older brother, there is no option that allows both of them to skillful live in harmony in the same area. Instead, Duke Senior is banished from the duchy and has to live with plain nobles in a wooded area. Though he did not get banished to living with the peasants who were living completely off of the land and good graces of the upper crust, Duke Senior did not get to take advantage of the life with which he had become accustomed. That is a very important theme for the story. The Alan Bloom book, Shakespeares Politics, has an interesting take on the inner workings of how the author thought. There is lots of speculation about what sort of political thinker William Shakespeare was and the majority of that can be seen in his works. In As You Like It, it is clear that Shakespeare both searched for and figured out the answers to many of the most important questions of his day. According to Bloom, the author tosses harsh criticism on some of the systems that existed during his day (Bloom). Some examples of this include Shakespeares constant criticism of the class system, which he believed was bad for English society.While Shakespeare may have taken harder political stances in some of his other works like Julius Caesar, he certainly addresses the curre nt landscape in each of his works. When dealing with the two Dukes in As you Like It, Shakespeare makes light of how their folly makes both of their lives more difficult. It was an interesting approach to take because most of the political thought during the time was breaking push down the class distinctions between the reach and the poor.Very few authors or thinkers had even considered the politics that existed among the distinct groups. Shakespeare had the modernized vision to try his best to understand what sort of political motives drove advancement within certain social castes. In this comedy, he finds that even the rich jockey for position, as Duke Frederick used creative means to get rid of his older brother and take control of the power in the society. Robin Headlam surface wrote a book about how Shakespeare used politics as a major theme in his work. In the book, Shakespeare, Politics, and the State, Wells writes about how Shakespeare constantly uses the voices of his c haracters to present problems within the political and hierarchical system (Wells). In this particular comedy, the beauty of the work is that each of the characters has their own role in the madness that existed within the English political system at the time. He uses all of the characters to make it well known that no one individual person or individual group was affected less or more by the makeshift caste system that England used. Shakespeare himself was one of the people who understood how the political system could impact just about everyone. In order to understand the uses in his book, one has to understand Shakespeares political opinions and his experiences with politics. One website indicated that, Shakespeare knew people who had been arrested and tortured friends and family members (William-Shakespeare.org).This is interesting to consider in that he knew that people who did not have rankness had a hard time surviving in the current political system. As such, his criticism s of the current political system had to be somewhat hushed by the constant fear that he might be prosecuted for such comments. Given the fact that Shakespeare had family that had been the victim of political happenstance, it is interesting to consider his take on the propellant of Orlando and Oliver. The author understood the plight of Orlando more so than he did the situation of Oliver, so in many ways, he favors Orlando in his writing. As you Like It is an interesting play by William Shakespeare that addresses many different themes that were overriding in English society during the time of the author. Among those are the common themes of politics and hierarchy. In his breakdown of the various relationship of individuals within the comedy, Shakespeare actually sheds a little bit of light on what it might have been like to live in England during that time.Works CitedAlexander, Catherine. Shakespeare and Politics. 13 September 2004. Cambridge University Press.Bloom, Allan. Shakesp eares Politics. 1 December 1996. dinero, Illinois University of Chicago Press.Shakespeare, William. As You Like It. Wells, Robin Headlam. Shakespeare Politics and State. December 1986. Palgrave McMillan Publishing.William Shakespeare and Elizabethan Politics. http//www.william-shakespeare.org.uk/william-shakespeare-politics.htmYachnin, Paul. High Beam Encyclopedia. Shakespeares Politics and Loyalty. 22 March 1993. http//www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-14363559.html

American novel Essay Example for Free

American novel EssayInspiration is something that some people adopt difficulty finding, whether to write the great American novel or simply to get out of bed in the morning. Creative inspiration is practically more delicate a subject, as when one does not feel the desire to create, the product to the highest degree often suffers greatly. However, for me, creative inspiration comes from al near all over I look, as long as I manage to see apricot before me, and luckily, the world is a charming place. apricot is truly everywhere it can be in a sunset, a work of art, or in a chef-doeuvre of architecture. There is manmade smash and natural bag, and both soak up unique appeals that inspire to humans in many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) different ways, including creatively. Along with the millions of writers, painters, and poets that came before me, I find creative inspiration in noticing the watcher of things, no matter how common or rare. I can also find beauty amidst th ings that are ugly, if anything gaining an increase appreciation for the beautiful moments of peace and lightness. No matter how much I suffer or mention suffering, it is easy for me to remember that life is indeed beautiful, and this often inspires me to continue creating beauty of my own.Human physical beauty is also something that inspires me creatively. It is impossible to deny that certain men and women are not beautiful, for a perfect mettle and body attracts many people from all around however care the old adage that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, everyone else may not universally agree upon the external and physical beauty of these people. roughly people make come back blonds are beautiful, while others pick brunettes some people may like blue eyes, while others only find brown beautiful.This shows the subjective nature of beauty, which begs the question as to whether this beauty is significant at all or merely a matter of taste. However, like the beauty of Hele n of Troy, legendary and often referenced in all arts, beautiful people inspire me to create. But, while physical beauty can inspire me to create, it is most often the beauty I find within people and myself that most inspires me. I believe the greatest and most inspiration beauty in life comes from within and this class of beauty can be achieved by everyone without pills, painful operations, or costly beauty cherishments.I rescue learned not to put too much stock in the medias representation of beauty, because I feel it robs from the more significant beauty that can be achieved in society when people think of each other and treat each other with equal respect and consideration. I do my outdo to live by the golden rule, and find situations the most beautiful when others do the same. I feel that many of the popular conceptions of beauty are based on half-truths and blatant deceptions, encouraging people to hide their flaws earlier than love themselves.For me, honesty is beautifu l and inspirational, and I try always to be honest, and subsequently inspired. Life is beautiful enough without having to worry nearly perfecting physical attributes, and the truth is that aesthetic beauty is not nearly as lasting or inspirational as emotional, spiritual, and mental beauty. These are the kinds of beauty to which I aspire and have successfully managed to cultivate in my efforts to harness creative inspiration. While beauty may truly be in the eye of the beholder, I feel confident in my own beauty because I treat everything in life as it is beautiful.From this view, it is easy for me to find creative inspiration in just about everything I see, hear, and feel. I find joy and inspiration in everything, and I try to make everyone overlap in the beauty that I possess and inspiration I find, hoping that they can also create his or her own. I try to be truthful in all regards, and try never to feel unsteady that my beliefs in my own beauty are false. I refuse to adopt th e medias perception of beauty, and prefer to find my own conceptions in what I see is true beauty generosity, compassion, and joy.All I have to do is sit back for a moment, reflect on the wonders of existence, and I will inevitably be convinced of the beauty of life, and subsequently inspired to create some of my own. For me, this is the truth, and like the words of John Keats, Beauty is truth, truth beauty,that is all/ Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know (Keats, 1901). For me, beauty is truth, and truth is inspiring. REFERENCES Keats, J. (1901/1999). Ode to a Grecian Urn. The Oxford Book of English Verse. Ed. Quiller- Couch, Arthur Thomas, Sir. Bartleby. com. 31 Jul 2008. www. bartleby. com/ 101/625.

The ozone Layer and the greenhouse effect Essay Example for Free

The ozone Layer and the greenhouse effect EssayOzone, an allotrope of oxygen is defend in the atmosphere in only tiny amounts. It is found almost entirely in the stratosphere. It is brisk for our survival as it filters out harmful ultraviolet radiation. However if ozone reaches ground level it is harmful to merciful health. It weakens the bodys immune system and attacks lung tissue. Ozone is extremely reactive and reacts with other fluffes very quickly only when there argon also answers that soupconic number 18 producing ozone and without human intervention this ozone would be in a steady state equilibrium. The natural reactions that involve ozone beIn this reaction hindicates the photon of ultraviolet radiation that is absorbed. Reaction 2 is the one that produces the ozone and reaction 4 is the one that destroys it. The is also another reaction that destroys ozone. 5. O3 + h O + O2 This is the reaction that is responsible for the exhibit effect of ozone, since it a bsorbs ultraviolet radiation. Chemists are able to calculate the assiduity of ozone that should be in the stratosphere by working out how fast the tread of making and destroying occur, but when they actually measured the concentration it was a heavy(p) deal less than expected.This tells us that there must be something else that is destroying the ozone other that the natural reactions. There are other al-Qaedas in the stratosphere that can react with ozone. An example of these is the chlorine atom and the bromine atom. Chloromethane and bromomethane can overreach into the stratosphere naturally from the oceans and by burning of coal and vegetation. Most of the chloromethane and bromomethane react in the troposphere but some fence to get onto the stratosphere. Once in the stratosphere the chloromethane splits up due to solar radiation and then the chlorine atom is able to react with ozone.The reaction occurs in a catalytic cycle 1. Cl + O3 ClO + O2 The ClO is another radical a ble to react again 2. ClO + O Cl + O2 So now there are devil reaction competing to destroy ozone 1. Cl + O3 ClO + O2 2. O + O3 O2 + O2 In the stratosphere there is a much lower concentration of Cl atom compared to O atoms, so it would seem that the reaction with Cl would be insignificant but chemists have measured the rate of reaction of Cl with ozone and have found it to be 1500 faster than the rate of reaction with O atoms.Also because Cl atoms are regenerated in a catalytic cycle they romp a large part in removing ozone. In the 1930s scientist Thomas Midgley demonstrated a impertinent refrigerant. He inhaled a lungful of dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) and used it to blow out a candle. He was showing two of the properties of the gas its lack of toxicity and lack of flammability. CCl2F2 belongs to family known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which contain chlorine, fluorine and carbon. Some other effective things about CFCs is there low boiling points and low reactivity.CFC s seemed to be the perfect answer to many a(prenominal) problems. They had many uses such as propellant in aerosols, refrigerants, blowing agents for making expanded plastics and as cleaning solvents. In the troposphere they persevere unreactive and there estimated lifetime is about 100 years. This gives them plenty of time to reach the stratosphere where they are no longer unreactive. They are split up by the solar radiation giving out the fluorine and chlorine to react in the stratosphere destroying ozone.In 1984 a group of British scientists discovered a kettle of fish in the ozone layer over Antarctica due to CFCs. Due to the scientists finding this hole there has been a general ban on using CFCs since 1990. A replacement to CFCs are hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydroflurocarbons (HFCs). The difference with these is that they contain a C-H stupefy which is quickly broken down in the troposphere before they have time to reach to stratosphere. Unfortunately they are n ot the perfect solution as they contribute to global warming.The Greenhouse effect occurs in the. Without it the human race would be uninhabited. By trapping the Suns radiation the atmosphere keeps the temperature high enough to support life. Greenhouse gases are gases that trap the Suns radiation. Burning fossil fuels, therefore releasing CO2 can make to a greater extent greenhouse gases effectively warming the Earth. The Sun radiates energy mainly in the ultraviolet and visible. The part that is absorbed helps to conflagrate the Earth, and the Earth the radiates energy back into space.Some of the energy radiated is absorbed by the troposphere heat the Earth. This is known as the greenhouse effect. If we release to many greenhouse gases this volition in turn heat the Earth more causing sea levels to rise as the ice caps melt. The rise in sea level will leave low-lying coastal place to disappear under-water. Tom Harbud 01/03/2001 Show preview only The higher up preview is unform atted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Proctor reluctantly Essay Example for Free

invigilate reluctantly canvassThis powerful line comes in act 4 when Proctor reluctantly confesses to seeing the devil. He is today passionate just roughly devising sure his name doesnt get put up on the church door. This is the line that starts the incredible build up of emotion and frustration leading to the dramatic climax of the play. face it with a cry of his whole soul shows how much his name means to him. There isnt a more(prenominal) emotional way he could rank it than with his whole soul. backside Proctor would rather give up his life than his name. The exclamation mark at the end and the word cry shows he should shout the dustup with a lot of emotion and passion.I can imagine the actor looking very irate and yelling the line with his arms spread and his fists clenched in rage at the prospect of losing his gravitas and reputation. I ring when he says the line the other charactors leave be silenced and be surprise by his flood of emotion. This abrupt lin e would surprise the audience and it might prevail them sympathize with Proctor. In Act 2 John is asked by Hale to repeat the Ten Commandments and remembers all but yard shalt not commit adultery and has to be reminded of it by Elizabeth. It is ironic that Proctor forgets this sin beca utilization of the affair he had with Abigail.Adultery was seen as a terrible sin in the Puritan society and adultery was taken very seriously. From Elizabeths perspective this would make her looking at uncomfortable as she is wounded by her husbands affair Proctor (as though a secret arrow had pained his heart) Aye. The description milling machine uses to show how Proctor should say the line is very dramatic and the simplicity of just using the word Aye will also amaze dramatic impact. I can imagine the actor almost whispering the word, dropping his head in shame and with a crack in his voice.This might have the effect of generating sympathy from the audience for both Elizabeth and John. It als o chip ins to the build up of tension creating an expectant atmosphere. Arthur Miller is very good at making the audience receive very involved. One of the ways he does this is by using a proficiency called dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is when there is contradiction between what a character thinks and what the audience knows to be true. For example in Act 3 Proctor confesses to the court that he had an affair with Abigail. He tells them that Elizabeth knew about the affair and this is why his wife put Abigail out of the house.Danforth sends for Elizabeth and orders that no one is to speak to her and Proctor to maneuver his back. She is asked about the affair. Not knowing that Procter has confessed and trying to protect Proctor, she lies and denies all knowledge of the affair between John and Abigail. She substantiates too late that she should have told the truth and she is led away. During this most tense scene the audience would feel very frustrated with Elizabeth and be will ing her to tell the truth. The audience would feel sorry for Elizabeth as she be to protect Proctor even though it was about his affair, which deeply hurt Elizabeth.At this point in the play I felt desperate for Elizabeth to tell the truth. Arthur Miller uses very powerful stage directions in The Crucible. He uses them for several reasons. One of the reasons is to describe a movement or action of a character. He directs this line at bloody shame Warren. His wife has just been arrested on suspicion of witchcraft after a poppet is found in her house, which Mary made. This movement prepares us for the dialogue, which is to follow Proctor (moving threateningly towards her) You will tell the court how that poppet came here and who stuck the needle in. This shows the mood that Proctor is in.Proctor is furious at Mary and wants to scare her into telling the court. The movement would draw everyones attention towards the actor. I think the word menacingly would mean that the actor would wa lk purposely with an edge of threat towards the girl. He would tower over Mary ready for the dialogue. By this point the audience would be anticipating though his actions what would be going to happen next. In Act 4 Proctor is losing control and is confused about his decision of confessing to seeing the devil (He moves as an animal, and a fury is riding in him, a tantalized search).This stage direction would enable the actor to guide in a dramatic, inhuman manner. I can imagine the actor pacing and his eyes hard-hitting for answers. It would give the actor the opportunity to take centre stage and exploit this important twist of the play. This would add dramatic tension and a feeling of anticipation of what Proctor was going to do next. I think the actor would pace up and down the stage quickly with his body quite tensed up. I think Arthur Miller was successful in creating tension in The Crucible. He does this through a compartmentalisation of methods. Firstly his use of dark, for bidding sets.This gives the idea of tension before the scenes have even begun and the characters have started speaking. His use of dramatic dialogue and stage directions build up the tension and help the actors relate to the character and consummate the play with more emotion towards the characters. Through dramatic irony he involves the audience and manages to maintain their absorb throughout the play. Miller portrays the characters in an intense way. The relationships between them are very close, with the stifling intimacy of their lives adding to the remit build up of hysteria in the play.I found the most dramatic moment in the play was when Proctor confessed to his affair. Elizabeth was whence asked if she knew about the affair but she denied all knowledge of this. This was a in particular tense moment because anxiety and frustration was high the characters along with the audience wanted her to tell the truth, fearing the consequences of a lie. This had the affect of making me feel nervous that something could go wrong and also involved because I knew about Proctors confession. I felt that Abigails character was especially strong and influential in the play.She was the root of all the troubles. I felt pity for Elizabeth because of Abigail her affair with Proctor and her accusations about Elizabeths involvement in witchcraft destroyed her life. Miller has the ability to pull the audience into the lives of the characters by his use of dramatic devices and theatrical techniques, which maintain interest and union throughout the play. Miller made me feel nervous and frustrated in The Crucible. He made me feel sympathy, fear and anxiety towards the characters.For example I felt great empathy for Elizabeth Proctor as her husband betrayed her and then she was accused of being a witch. Miller uses the other characters to portray Elizabeth as a cold individual but through our knowledge of her as the play progresses we become emotionally involved with her and come to realize what a strong courageous woman she is. With Elizabeth, as with many other characters, Miller allows us to make up our own minds about their honesty and strength as we are drawn into the characters lives and we begin run across the double standards and different tensions that are operating throughout The Crucible.

Society and Culture Essay Example for Free

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Bilingualism in the Basque Country Spain

Bilingualism in the Basque field SpainAgur the first time I heard this word I lived in San Sebastian, Basque art slight, Spain. It is Basque and it means bye. When I fit(p) on the beach some weird verbalise speech communication I could non understand was spoken over the public address system and after that nomenclature followed a Spanish peaching lady aphorism that a child had been give. I was fascinated by this linguistic process, how ho persona it be that it is so different from alone the other languages I know? When I heard about the paper subjects I immediately k raw I indispensablenessed to find out more about the Basque language and the multilingual system in the Basque estate in Spain. In this paper I will discuss the trilingual account of Spain, describe the view of the Basque language in the Basque orbit and I will assume more about the educational systems to perplex Basque language progress. I hope to give the reader an insight in the Basque educatio nal system, the Basque res publica itself and in the multilingual history of Spain. This paper consists out of a literature review on the basis of anterior studies because it was hard to find evidence on my own.At first this paper will describe the history of multilingualism in Spain, has the Spanish government always allowed bilingual education? Which co- dinner gown languages exist in Spain? Then a closer look will be taken on the Basque field a description of the nation will be given, percentages of bilingual keep an eye on up toers, the strength of Basque speakers towards Basque why and when do they speak the language? In the coterminous dissever the educational models that were created by the Basque government will be described. These models were created to better the second language development in Basque for Spanish-speakers. An overview will be given of the three existing educational models. Finally a paragraph will discuss the pose of Basque speakers and non-Basq ue speakers where is Basque mostly spoken? Why in that respect? Has the number of students airfielding Basque transfer magnitude of decreased? This paper will be ended with a conclusion which sums up all the major(ip) findings of this paper.History multilingualism SpainSpain, as we know it today, is a multilingual coun decide. It consists out of s withalteen autonomous communities. Six of these communities (Catlonia, the Valencian Community, the Balearic islands, Galicia, the Basque Country and Navarre) recognize a language of their own which is, together with Spanish, the official language in their territory. All Spanish autonomous communities turn over received legislative power in some atomic number 18as. One of those argonas is education, so the Spanish autonomous communities discount adapt their own rules on education. So all the six communities with their own language substructure offer education in this language. This sounds all very collateral the possibility to t each children in the minority language and to have the minority language recognized as creation an official language. except the life story of multilingualism has non always been like this. Thanks to historical developments, we can speak of the multilingual country Spain, but multilingualism utilize to be forbidden during the dictatorship of General Franco (1939-1975). After the Civil contend (1936-1939) General Franco came in power and this put an end to the second republic. During Francos politics he decl atomic number 18d Spanish as the merely official language, and Franco forced the minority languages to disappear from the public domains they could not be used in the media, public administration nor in education. The use of the languages was limited to domestic use, the people could only speak their language in their homes and not on the street, at work or other public places. When Francos regime came to an end, Spain established a democracy and a new Constitution was pas sed (1978). Many new regulations were adapted and the new Statues of Autonomy were passed. These statues divided Spain in the following autonomous communities Aragn, Asturias, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country, the Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla-Leon, Catalonia, Ceuta and Melilla, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia and Navarra. The country was not only divided into different atomic number 18as, some areas also retrieved an official term for their own language, which was the case for Catalan, Basque and Galician. Spanish became the official language of the Spanish state, but the autonomous communities can have an own official language contiguous to Spanish. This meant that all the minority languages in Spain were acknowledged. Nowadays Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, the Basque country and Galicia have two official languages Spanish and the official language of their territory.All the Parliaments of the above mentioned commun ities together created the Laws of Linguistic Normalization in 1983. This was a reaction on the regime of Franco. The laws not only gave minority languages the co-official status next too Spanish, but also the upright to know and use the other language in any context, the principle of no discrimination on linguistic grounds and control of the educational system, culture and media to the autonomies (Huguet et al. 2008). Another aim of the Laws of Linguistic Normalization is to construe that students have a balanced command of Spanish and their second language by the time they come forth develop. This aim has led to Catalan, Valencian, Balearic, Navarrese, Basque and Galician educational systems to create bilingual schools where mother dialect Spanish speakers can develop their language competence in the minority language (Lasagbaster and Huguet, 2007, Huguet, et al 2008). During the last twenty years bilingual education has change magnitude in Spain. The Laws of Linguistic Norm alization give autonomies the right to develop their own educational systems following a bilingual criteria. A description of the educational system in the Basque Country can be found on p. 8 of this paper.Figure Map of Spanish bilingual communitiesIn externalise 1 (Huguet, et al 2008) the communities with their own official language besides Spanish are highlighted the Balaeric islands (where Catalan is spoken), the Basque Country and Navarre (where Basque is spoken) , Galicia (where Galician is the minority language) and Valencia (where Valencian is spoken). The autonomous communities of Aragon (where twain Catalan and Aragonese are spoken) and Asturias (where Asturias is spoken) are also added to the figure. In Aragon and Asturias the minority languages have no legal status.Tabel Percentage of inviduals who can understand and can speak the minority language (Huguet et al, 2008)CataloniaValenciaThe Balearic IslandsGaliciaThe Basque CountryNavarraIndividuals who can understand(pas sive)978992994423Individuals who can speak (active)795672892916This table shows an enormous difference in the midst of the communities. In Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands and Galicia over 90% of the population can understand the minority language and numerous (although less than 90%) can also speak the minority language. Yet in the Basque Country and Navarra the percentages are very much trim down, less than 50% of the population can understand the minority language and even a lower percentage can speak it. notwithstanding in the case of the Basque Country, many things are through with(p) to improve the situation of the minority language as we will discuss in the next paragraphs.The Basque countryThe Basque country covers an area of approximately 20,742 square kilometres and is divided into seven provinces three belonging to the French Pyrenes Atlantiques biotic community (Lapurdi, Nafarroa, Beherea and Zuberoa), and four to two autonomous regions in Spain (The Basq ue supreme Community and Navarre). In this paper the situation of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) will be described. The total Basque population exists out of 3 million inhabitants, with 92% being Spanish citizens. In the BAC live around 2.1 million inhabitants, of which 24.7% are bilingual and 16.3% are passive bilingual. Basque is a minority language spoken by only 27% of the population. The Basque language is the only non-Indo-European language in Western Europe and although the language has been in touch with many Roman languages (Spanish, French, Catalan), it is completely unrelated to them. This is in all likelihood one of the most important reasons why so few people of the Basque population ( near 60%) do not understand Basque at all. The language differs so much from Spanish and other Roman languages in Spain that it has no interface with other languages in the country.Spanish is the first official and dominant language in BAC, so that makes all Basque speakers bilin gual because they speak Spanish and Basque. Since Spanish is also the dominant language is makes proficiency in Basque not necessary in many areas. (Perez Vidal, ..) The monolingual Spanish speakers in the BAC do not necessarily need the Basque language to survive in the BAC. Everyone around them speaks English, in courtly settings the language spoken is mostly Spanish, the media mostly publishes in Spanish, and so everything around them is in Spanish. This especially counts for the bigger cities, such as Bilbao or San Sebastin (Donostia in Basque). In smaller villages in the country side there are more people who speak Basque and speaking Basque becomes more of a necessity.Thanks to the forward motion of Basque in schools there has been an growth of 95,000 Basque speakers from 1981 to 1991 (Garmendia 1994, Perez Vidal ..) and in the next decade (1991-2001) the percentage of bilinguals in the send of 16-24 years old has almost doubled, from 25% to 48% (Gobierno Vasco, 2003 Hugue t 2008). Basque is in the process of reversing language shift (Fishman 1991, Cenoz 2005). Reversing language shift is putting a stop to the declining use of a language and increasing its status in the population. Joshua Fishman created eight steps in which a dead or threatened language can be brought back to life. The Basque language is in the process of being revitalised.The Basque language is used more and more by the Basque population and the attitudes towards the language are increasingly positive. Basque is used as a medium of learning, on the Basque television channel, on the Basque piano tuner and in Basque newspapers. Even though the use of the Basque language increases, the other official language of BAC, Spanish, is used more for these purposes. So Basque is present in the media of the BAC, yet Spanish takes a bigger role and is more used in the Basque media. But a high percentage of Bascophones do use the media in Basque 77% of the Basque bilinguals listen to the Basque radio and 82% watches the Basque television (Cenoz 2005).Bascophones speak Basque in the private domain and they tend to use Spanish for formal settings. Bascophones use Basque to talk to their children, and mostly use Spanish to communicate with other family members. The factors that form the usage of Basque are the number of Bascophones in the subjects social networks, the relative ease with which the subject has to use Basque and Spanish, and the number of Bascophones in the sociolinguistic area where the subject lives. (Euskararen Jarraipena I 1995 cited in Cenoz 2005 page 43).So even though the Basque language is ripening in popularity, it is remarkable to let on that Bascophones prefer to use Basque in their domestic area and speak Spanish in more formal settings.Basque in educationBilingual education has been present in the Basque educational system since the 19th century. Some schools were bilingual or even trilingual (i.e. Spanish, Basque and French). Spanish schools ar e all public or private. Public schools are usually fully or disperseially funded by the Spanish government so parents do not have to pay a lot of money for their children care school, private schools are not financed by the government, which means that parents have to pay more money if they want their children to study there.During the 1960s a number of private Basque schools (ikastolas) were founded. The ikastolak schools are created as a promotion shot for the usage of Basque in education, and even though in the 1960 it was illegal to use Basque in education, the number of students increased over the years. Today most of the ikastolak are part of the Ikastolen Elkartea, which is a covering body preoccupied with the promotion of different projects to improve the quality of education (in kindergarten, primary and secondary education). With the Law of Linguistic Normalization both Basque and Spanish became compulsory subjects at school and three models of bilingual education were created. These models are based on the assumption that bilingual education has important advantages. For example, bilingual education can have a positive effect on cognitive development and communication ability. Bialystok found that bilingual children were superior to monolingual children on measures of the cognitive control of linguistic processes. (Bialystok 1978b cited in Baker, 2006 page 157)The three different bilingual models in the BAC are toughie A, B, and D. (The C does not exists in Basque).Model A This model is intended for mother tongue speakers of Spanish who want instructions in Spanish. All subjects are in Spanish, except for Basque, which is taught four to vanadium hours a week.Model B This model is intended for mother tongue speakers of Spanish who want to be bilingual in Spanish and Basque. Both languages are used as languages of instruction for 50% of the school time.Model D The model was intended as a maintenance program for the Basque, but many Spanish stude nts are studying according to this model as well. Basque is the language of instruction and Spanish is taught as a subject for four to five hours a week. Model D schools can be seen as both total immersion programmes for majority language (Spanish) students and first language maintenance programmes for native Basque speakers.Parents can choose the model they want for their children and both models are available at public and private schools.From 1983/1983 to 2004/2005 the nub of pre-university students enrolled in Model A has decreased from 415.456 (79.34%) to 81.603 (26.69%), yet Model B has increased from 44.458 (8.49%) to 69.941 (22.88%) but Model D has increased the most from 63.699 (12.17%) to 154.164 (92%). The majority of all the pupils (92%) are enrolled in Models B and D. (Huguet et al 2008) In Table 2 we see the number of students in the different models in the BAC in the year 2001-2002. At every level, either kindergarten, primary school or at compulsory secondary school the highest touchstone of students is studying according to model D, where Basque is the language of instruction and Spanish is a subject. Model B is the kickoff up, where both languages are languages of instruction, and the lowest amount of students study in Model A, where Spanish is the language of instruction and Basque is taught as a subject. This shows the trend that a lot of students choose to study Basque and that the language its popularity is growing. (p.t.o. for table)Table identification number of students in Models A,B, and D in the BAC (2001-2002)Model AModel BModel D oppositeKindergarten and primary school24.83145.80785.6761.255(3- 12 year-old children)15.8%29.1%54.3%0.8%Compulsory secondary school26.37019.13131.651597(12-16 year-old children)34%24.6%40.7%0.7%Language attitudeThe status of the Basque language has increased during the last fifty years. The number of students studying Basque has increased and this influences the number of bilinguals in the BAC. But t here still seems to be a gap between the knowledge and the use of Basque in day-after-day life. As mentioned before Basque can be found in education and in the media, yet Spanish is still the prevailing language. Bascophones usually tend to use their language in the home situation and not in more formal settings. It is remarkable that more and more native Spanish speakers decide to study Basque (in either Model B or D schools), yet Basque is still a domestic language. Spanish is still the dominant language in the BAC, the use of Basque in daily life is limited to areas that are dominated by Bascophones.Maybe the language attitude towards the Basque language has an influence on the use of Basque. Lasagabaster (2005) has make a research on this subject Attitudes towards Basque, Spanish and English. He defined attitudes with the words of Skehan (1989) attitudes are part of the so-called affective variables of language learning, together with personality, motivation, the learners expe ctations, social cultural experience or anxiety. Lasagabaster states that attitudes are a key factor in sociolinguistics and language learning. He used 1087 participants, all undergraduates in the age range of 18-50 and all studying at university. The participants studied at one of the three campuses in which the university of the BAC is divided Arba, Bizkaia and Gipuzkoa. Lasagabaster found that the degree in competence in Basque influenced the students attitudes towards Basque very competent students had a more positive attitude than those with little or good demand of the language. The same counts for Spanish, if a students speaks very well Spanish, the attitude towards the language will be more positive than the attitude of someone whose Spanish is of a lower level.He also found that students living in a dominant Basque-speaking area (such as small towns) are more favourable towards the Basque language than those who live in dominant Spanish-speaking areas (such as big cities).T his can be explained by the migration from Spanish workers to the BAC on the labor market. The younger generation in the BAC tends to use Spanish instead of Basque. This can be explained by the fact that majority languages usually seem to be cool than the minority languages to the teenagers, and so they prefer to speak Spanish.ConclusionSchools should try to intervene in the attitude towards Basque. They should try to create language awareness courses to change the attitudes towards the minority language. Teachers could do this by showing the students how rich the being becomes with so many different languages. A positive attitude towards Basque is increasing, but more should be done to change the status of Basque as minority language in its own territory. The government should try to change the language attitude towards Basque. The heritage of Franco (the use of domestic Basque) should be disinherited. The Bascophones should feel that they can also use their own language outside their homes and use it at work or on the street. But therefore more people should learn Basque, because otherwise only a small amount of colleagues would understand the Bascophones. By implementing more Basque on educational and media level the usage of Basque will grow. more than people will be forced to speak or learn Basque and the attitude towards the language will increase positively even more. It will not only be dominant in the smaller villages, but also in the bigger cities. As a result the language will be everywhere and the native Spanish speakers who studies Basque will learn the language with more ease. The only risk of so many non-native Basque speakers is that they will influence the language and add a Spanish influence to the grammar or lexical level.Unfortunately, attitudes are difficult to change. The attitude towards Basque has been negative under the leadership of Franco (which lasted for almost 40 years) and to changing this attitude immediately is impossible. It takes small nestling steps, but those baby steps are heading the right way.In the example of Spain we can see that there is a political influence on language education and attitude. During Francos regime the use of minority languages in public was forbidden, this influenced the attitudes towards the minority languages. Nowadays Basque is still not used often in formal settings, Bascophones tend to use Basque for domestic use and Spanish in formal settings. Most of the media in the BAC are in Spanish and not in Basque. It seems that Francos regime still has an impact on the use of the Basque language in formal settings.But to close of with a positive note bilingualism in the Basque country has come a long way. Basque used to be forbidden and nowadays the attitude towards the language is growing positively. More and more students are attending model D schools, schools where the language of instruction is Basque and Spanish is taught as a subject. Although the situation of Basque i s improving, there are still few people who speak the language, but thanks to the increase of students the number of bilinguals in the BAC also increases. Hopefully this will prevent Basque becoming a dead language and remain a vivid language.